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Comparison of SWG (red), AWG (blue) and IEC 60228 (black) wire gauge sizes from 0.03 to 200 mm² to scale on a 1 mm grid – in the SVG file, hover over a size to highlight it. In engineering applications, it is often most convenient to describe a wire in terms of its cross-section area, rather than its diameter, because the cross section is directly proportional to its strength and weight ...
By estimating the temperature of the cables, the safe long-term current-carrying capacity of the cables can be calculated. J. H. Neher and M. H. McGrath were two electrical engineers who wrote a paper in 1957 about how to calculate the capacity of current (ampacity) of cables. [ 1 ]
For example, the United States National Electrical Code, Table 310.15(B)(16), specifies that up to three 8 AWG copper wires having a common insulating material (THWN) in a raceway, cable, or direct burial has an ampacity of 50 A when the ambient air is 30 °C, the conductor surface temperature allowed to be 75 °C. A single insulated conductor ...
Electrical length is defined for conductors carrying alternating current (AC) at a single frequency or narrow band of frequencies. An alternating electric current of a single frequency f {\displaystyle f} is an oscillating sine wave which repeats with a period of T = 1 / f {\displaystyle T=1/f} . [ 5 ]
Insulated wires may be run in one of several forms between electrical devices. This may be a specialised bendable pipe, called a conduit, or one of several varieties of metal (rigid steel or aluminium) or non-metallic (PVC or HDPE) tubing. Rectangular cross-section metal or PVC wire troughs (North America) or trunking (UK) may be used if many ...
Thou (length) Square mil; IEC 60228, the metric wire-size standard used in most parts of the world. American Wire Gauge (AWG), used primarily in the US and Canada; Standard Wire Gauge (SWG), the British imperial standard BS3737, superseded by the metric. Stubs Iron Wire Gauge; Jewelry wire gauge; Body jewelry sizes; Electrical wiring
The current British Standard for metallic materials including wire is BS 6722:1986, which is a solely metric standard, superseding 3737:1964, which used the SWG system. The IEC 60228 , used in most parts of the world, defines standard wire sizes based on their cross-sectional areas as expressed in mm 2 . [ 3 ]
Accordingly, one pound of aluminum has the same current carrying capacity as two pounds of copper. [3] Since copper costs about four times as much as aluminum by weight (roughly US$4 /lb [5] vs. US$1 /lb [6] as of 2024), aluminum wires are one-eighth the cost of copper wire of the same conductivity.