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Because Einstein published all four of these papers in a single year, 1905 is called his annus mirabilis (miraculous year). The first paper explained the photoelectric effect , which established the energy of the light quanta E = h f {\displaystyle E=hf} , and was the only specific discovery mentioned in the citation awarding Einstein the 1921 ...
(Einstein was formally awarded his PhD on 15 January 1906.) [76] [77] [78] Four other pieces of work that Einstein completed in 1905—his famous papers on the photoelectric effect, Brownian motion, his special theory of relativity and the equivalence of mass and energy—have led to the year being celebrated as an annus mirabilis for physics ...
Includes Einstein's first (1900) published paper after his graduation from ETH Zurich, the Annus Mirabilis Papers, text of his invited lecture after his first academic appointment to the University of Zurich, etc. The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein, Volume 2, The Swiss Years: Writings, 1900-1909. [3]
Annus mirabilis (pl. anni mirabiles) is a Latin phrase that means "marvelous year", "wonderful year", or "miraculous year". This term has been used to refer to several years during which events of major importance are remembered, notably Isaac Newton's discoveries in 1665–1666 at the age of 23 and Albert Einstein's papers published in 1905 at the age of 26. [1]
In his fourth of his 1905 Annus mirabilis papers, [p 18] Einstein presented a heuristic argument for the equivalence of mass and energy. Although, as discussed above, subsequent scholarship has established that his arguments fell short of a broadly definitive proof, the conclusions that he reached in this paper have stood the test of time.
On September 26, 1905 (received June 30), Albert Einstein published his annus mirabilis paper on what is now called special relativity. Einstein's paper includes a fundamental description of the kinematics of the rigid body, and it did not require an absolutely stationary space, such as the aether.
Created Date: 8/30/2012 4:52:52 PM
After the Nazis' rise to power in 1933, Einstein's son-in-law Rudolf Kayser, aided by the French Embassy, rescued Einstein's papers in Berlin. Some of the material at Einstein's summer house in Caputh, Brandenburg was destroyed to avoid seizure, although most of his works between 1930 and 1932 were saved.