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from Hindi and Urdu: An acknowledged leader in a field, from the Mughal rulers of India like Akbar and Shah Jahan, the builder of the Taj Mahal. Maharaja from Hindi and Sanskrit: A great king. Mantra from Hindi and Sanskrit: a word or phrase used in meditation. Masala from Urdu, to refer to flavoured spices of Indian origin.
Vaman Shivram Apte (1858 – 9 August 1892 [1]) was an Indian lexicographer and a professor of Sanskrit at Pune's Fergusson College. He is best known for his compilation of a dictionary, The Student's English-Sanskrit Dictionary. [2]
When Devanāgarī is used for writing languages other than Sanskrit, conjuncts are used mostly with Sanskrit words and loan words. Native words typically use the basic consonant and native speakers know to suppress the vowel when it is conventional to do so. For example, the native Hindi word karnā is written करना (ka-ra-nā). [60]
Among the close vowels, what in Sanskrit are thought to have been primarily distinctions of vowel length (that is /i, iː/ and /u, uː/), have become in Hindustani distinctions of quality, or length accompanied by quality (that is, /ɪ, iː/ and /ʊ, uː/). [7]
Hindustani, also known as Hindi-Urdu, is the vernacular form of two standardized registers used as official languages in India and Pakistan, namely Hindi and Urdu.It comprises several closely related dialects in the northern, central and northwestern parts of the Indian subcontinent but is mainly based on Khariboli of the Delhi region.
According to Geldner (1951), the word is derived from Indo-Iranian roots *sav-(Sanskrit sav-/su) "to press", i.e. *sau-ma-is the drink prepared by pressing the stalks of a plant, [10] but the word and the related practices were borrowed by the Indo-Aryans from the Bactria–Margiana culture (BMAC).
Sant Bhasha (Gurmukhi: ਸੰਤ-ਭਾਸ਼ਾ; romanized: Sant Bhāṣā; lit. ' language of saints ') is a liturgical and scriptural language composed of vocabulary common to northern Indian languages, which was extensively used by saints and poets to compose religious verses.
Cultural debates have emerged over how much Sanskrit should appear in Hindi and how acceptable Persian and English influences should be, [32] [33] with Hindu nationalists favouring Sanskritised Hindi, [34] opposing Urdu in part because it is a Muslim-associated language, [35] and some boycotting the Hindi-language Bollywood film industry for ...