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  2. -ing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/-ing

    The suffix -ing also has other uses in English, although these are less common. It may be used to form derivative nouns (originally masculine) with the sense "son of" or "belonging to", used as patronymics or diminutives. Examples of this use include surnames like Browning, Channing and Ewing, and common nouns like bunting, shilling, and farthing.

  3. Gerund - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerund

    Historically, the -ing suffix was attached to a limited number of verbs to form abstract nouns, which were used as the object of verbs such as like. The use was extended in various ways: the suffix became attachable to all verbs; the nouns acquired verb-like characteristics; the range of verbs allowed to introduce the form spread by analogy ...

  4. Present continuous - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Present_continuous

    The present continuous is formed by the present tense form of be and the present participle (-ing form) of the verb. [3] [4] For example, you would write the verb work in the present continuous form by adding the -ing suffix to the verb and placing a present tense form of be (am, are, is) in front of it: [3] I am working. You are working. She ...

  5. Morpheme - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morpheme

    For example, in the word quirkiness, the root is quirk, but the stem is quirky, which has two morphemes. Moreover, some pairs of affixes have identical phonological form but different meanings. For example, the suffix -er can be either derivational (e.g. sell ⇒ seller) or inflectional (e.g. small ⇒ smaller). Such morphemes are called ...

  6. English grammar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_grammar

    For example, the noun aerobics has given rise to the adjective aerobicized. [3] Words combine to form phrases. A phrase typically serves the same function as a word from some particular word class. [3] For example, my very good friend Peter is a phrase that can be used in a sentence as if it were a noun, and is therefore called a noun phrase.

  7. Hard and soft G - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_and_soft_G

    When suffixes are added to words ending with a hard or soft g (such as -ed, -ing, -er, -est, -ism, -ist, -edness, -ish(ness), -ily, -iness, -ier, -iest, -ingly, -edly, and -ishly), the sound is normally maintained. Sometimes the normal rules of spelling changes before suffixes can help signal whether the hard or soft sound is intended.

  8. Trisyllabic laxing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trisyllabic_laxing

    Trisyllabic laxing is a process which has occurred at various periods in the history of English: The earliest occurrence of trisyllabic laxing occurred in late Old English and caused stressed long vowels to become shortened before clusters of two consonants when two or more syllables followed.

  9. Consonant voicing and devoicing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consonant_voicing_and...

    For example, the English suffix -s is pronounced [s] when it follows a voiceless phoneme (cats), and [z] when it follows a voiced phoneme (dogs). [1] This type of assimilation is called progressive, where the second consonant assimilates to the first; regressive assimilation goes in the opposite direction, as can be seen in have to [hæftÉ™].