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Cancer, Cathepsin D is a mitogen and "it attenuates the anti-tumor immune response of decaying chemokines to inhibit the function of dendritic cells". Cathepsins B and L are involved in matrix degradation and cell invasion. [3] Stroke [4] Traumatic brain injury [5] Alzheimer's disease [6] Arthritis [7]
[3] [10] [9] Many papain-like protease enzymes function as monomers, though a few, such as cathepsin C (Dipeptidyl-peptidase I), are homotetramers. The mature monomer structure is characteristically divided into two lobes or subdomains, known as the L-domain and the R-domain , where the active site is located between them. [1]
Cathepsin L may refer to: Cathepsin L1 , a human protease enzyme encoded by the CTSL gene and known for its role in viral entry Cathepsin L2 , a human protease enzyme encoded by the CTSV gene and also known as cathepsin V
Cathepsin L1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CTSL1 gene. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] The protein is a cysteine cathepsin , a lysosomal cysteine protease that plays a major role in intracellular protein catabolism .
One family of natural inhibitors called "serpins" (abbreviated from serine protease inhibitors) can form a covalent bond with the serine protease, inhibiting its function. The best-studied serpins are antithrombin and alpha 1-antitrypsin , studied for their role in coagulation / thrombosis and emphysema / A1AT , respectively.
Cathepsin L2 (EC 3.4.22.43, also known as cathepsin V or cathepsin U) is a protein encoded in humans by the CTSV gene. [5] [6] [7] [8]The protein is a human cysteine cathepsin, a lysosomal cysteine protease with endopeptidase activity.
An L-series is a Dirichlet series, usually convergent on a half-plane, that may give rise to an L-function via analytic continuation. The Riemann zeta function is an example of an L -function, and some important conjectures involving L -functions are the Riemann hypothesis and its generalizations .
The production functions listed below, and their properties are shown for the case of two factors of production, capital (K), and labor (L), mostly for heuristic purposes. These functions and their properties are easily generalizable to include additional factors of production (like land, natural resources, entrepreneurship, etc.)