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2. Lead and Copper Rule - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_and_Copper_Rule

   Lead alloys (bronze, brass) are used for plumbing fittings, and lead solders were also preferred. While state and local governments began to prohibit installation of lead pipes early in the twentieth century, lead alloys continued to be used. [5] Alternative pipe materials have been iron, copper, and later plastics.

3. Brass - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brass

   Also in California, lead-free materials must be used for "each component that comes into contact with the wetted surface of pipes and pipe fittings, plumbing fittings and fixtures". On 1 January 2010, the maximum amount of lead in "lead-free brass" in California was reduced from 4% to 0.25% lead. [16] [17]

4. Piping and plumbing fitting - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piping_and_plumbing_fitting

   [18]: 71 The rubber sleeves are typically secured with stainless steel worm drive clamping bands, which compress the rubber to make a tight seal around the pipes and fittings. These pipe clamps are similar to hose clamps, but are heavier-duty and ideally are made completely of stainless steel (including the screw) to provide maximum service life.

5. Copper tubing - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_tubing

   Generally, copper tubes are soldered directly into copper or brass fittings, although compression, crimp, or flare fittings are also used. Formerly, concerns with copper supply tubes included the lead used in the solder at joints (50% tin and 50% lead). Some studies have shown significant leaching of the lead into the potable water stream ...

6. Lead abatement in the United States - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_abatement_in_the...

   Lead-based house paint banned by the Consumer Product Safety Commission [9] 1986 Amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act require new drinking-water waterpipes, solder, and flux to be "lead-free"; however, this is defined as less than 8% lead in pipes, and 0.2% in solder and flux. [10]

7. Solder ring fitting - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solder_ring_fitting

   Yorkshire fittings are made with lead-free solder. The fittings come in a variety of configurations, such as tee-pieces, straight couplers, elbows or bends, reducers (to join pipes of different diameters), stop-ends, and there are versions with screw threads (male or female) at one end to fit taps and iron pipes.