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In all, the higher heating value of hydrogen is 18.2% above its lower heating value (142 MJ/kg vs. 120 MJ/kg). For hydrocarbons, the difference depends on the hydrogen content of the fuel. For gasoline and diesel the higher heating value exceeds the lower heating value by about 10% and 7%, respectively, and for natural gas about 11%.
For gases, departure from 3 R per mole of atoms is generally due to two factors: (1) failure of the higher quantum-energy-spaced vibration modes in gas molecules to be excited at room temperature, and (2) loss of potential energy degree of freedom for small gas molecules, simply because most of their atoms are not bonded maximally in space to ...
Natural uranium (0.7% U235) in light-water reactor: 443,000: 35%: Ta-180m isomer: 41,340: 689,964: Metallic hydrogen (recombination energy) 216 [2] Specific orbital energy of Low Earth orbit (approximate) 33.0: Beryllium + Oxygen: 23.9 [3] Lithium + Fluorine: 23.75 [citation needed] Octaazacubane potential explosive: 22.9 [4] Hydrogen + Oxygen ...
Data from same reference as for liquid hydrogen. [21] High-pressure tanks weigh much more than the hydrogen they can hold. The hydrogen may be around 5.7% of the total mass, [22] giving just 6.8 MJ per kg total mass for the LHV. See note above about use in fuel cells. Hydrogen, gas (1 atm or 101.3 kPa, 25 °C) 141.86 (HHV) 119.93 (LHV) 0.011 88 ...
The Wobbe index is expressed in MJ/Nm³ (where 'Nm³' indicates'm³ in Normal conditions), or sometimes in BTU/scf.In the case of natural gas (molar mass 17 g/mol), the typical heating value is around 39 MJ/Nm³ (1,050 BTU/scf) and the specific gravity is approximately 0.59, giving a typical Wobbe index of 51 MJ/Nm³ (1,367 BTU/scf).
One GGE of natural gas is 126.67 cubic feet (3.587 m 3) at standard conditions. This volume of natural gas has the same energy content as one US gallon of gasoline (based on lower heating values: 900 BTU/cu ft (9.3 kWh/m 3) of natural gas and 114,000 BTU/US gal (8.8 kWh/L) for gasoline). [22]
The energy content (high or low heating value) of a volume of natural gas varies with the composition of the natural gas, which means there is no universal conversion factor for energy to volume. 1 cubic foot (28 litres) of average natural gas yields ≈ 1,030 Btu (between 1,010 Btu and 1,070 Btu, depending on quality, when burned)
The specific heat capacities of iron, granite, and hydrogen gas are about 449 J⋅kg −1 ⋅K −1, 790 J⋅kg −1 ⋅K −1, and 14300 J⋅kg −1 ⋅K −1, respectively. [4] While the substance is undergoing a phase transition , such as melting or boiling, its specific heat capacity is technically undefined, because the heat goes into ...