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These duties applied regardless of a Hindu's class, caste, or sect, and they contrasted with svadharma, one's "own duty", in accordance with one's class or caste (varṇa) and stage in life (puruṣārtha). [web 4] In recent years, the term has been used by Hindu leaders, reformers, and nationalists to refer to Hinduism. Sanatana dharma has ...
Emory University professor John Y. Fenton defines the locution as follows: [1]. The term "cultural Hindu" generally refers to Desis with a Hindu family background who have low observance of religious practices and whose identification with the Hindu religious tradition is primarily cultural or communal.
Indian-origin religions Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism, and Sikhism, [4] are all based on the concepts of dharma and karma. Ahimsa, the philosophy of nonviolence, is an important aspect of native Indian faiths whose most well-known proponent was Shri Mahatma Gandhi, who used civil disobedience to unite India during the Indian independence movement – this philosophy further inspired Martin ...
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Hinduism: Hinduism – predominant and indigenous religious tradition of the Indian Subcontinent. [1] Its followers are called Hindus, who refer to it as Sanātana Dharma [2] (Sanskrit: सनातनधर्मः, lit.
Separating concepts in Hinduism from concepts specific to Indian culture, or from the language itself, can be difficult. Many Sanskrit concepts have an Indian secular meaning as well as a Hindu dharmic meaning. One example is the concept of Dharma. [4]
The denominations of Hinduism, states Lipner, are unlike those found in major religions of the world, because Hindu denominations are fuzzy with individuals practising more than one, and he suggests the term "Hindu polycentrism". [9] Although Hinduism contains many denominations and philosophies, it is linked by shared concepts, recognisable ...
Physical fitness was prized in traditional Hindu thought, with cultivation of the body (dehvada) seen as one path to full self-realization. [2] [3] Buddhist universities such as Nalanda taught various forms of physical culture, such as swimming and archery, [4] with Buddha himself having been well-acquainted with martial activities prior to his enlightenment. [5]
Notes and references for table Notes Smart [E] and Michaels [I] seem to follow Mill's periodisation (Michaels mentions Flood 1996 as a source for "Prevedic Religions". [O]), while Flood [P] and Muesse [Q] [G] follow the "ancient, classical, mediaeval and modern periods" periodisation. [R] Different periods are designated as "classical Hinduism":