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Pleural plaques are patchy collections of hyalinized collagen in the parietal pleura. [2] They have a holly leaf appearance on X-ray . [ 1 ] They are indicators of asbestos exposure, and the most common asbestos-induced lesion. [ 3 ]
Pleural thickening - Irregularity or abnormal prominence of the pleural margin, including apical capping (thickening of the pleura in the apical region). Pleural thickening can be calcified. Diaphragmatic tenting - A localized accentuation of the normal convexity of the hemidiaphragm as if "pulled upwards by a string."
CT scans can more readily differentiate whether pleural thickening is due to extra fat deposition or true pleural thickening than X-rays. [3] If a fibrothorax is severe, the thickening may restrict the lung on the affected side causing a loss of lung volume. [7] Additionally, the mediastinum may be physically shifted toward the affected side. [3]
Pleural Abnormalities: Pleural abnormalities are reported with respect to type (pleural plaques or diffuse pleural thickening), location (chest wall, diaphragm, or other), presence of calcification , width (only of in profile pleural thickening seen along the chest wall edge), and extent (combined distance for involved chest wall).
Asbestos-related diseases are disorders of the lung and pleura caused by the inhalation of asbestos fibres. Asbestos-related diseases include non-malignant disorders such as asbestosis (pulmonary fibrosis due to asbestos), diffuse pleural thickening, pleural plaques, pleural effusion, rounded atelectasis and malignancies such as lung cancer and malignant mesothelioma.
The location of the lesions is mostly in the upper lobes of the lungs, usually in a lymphatic distribution. Thickening of the pleura and interlobular septal is also evident. In addition, pleural/pericardial effusions and mediastinal fat infiltration is appreciated. Definitive diagnosis is achieved through tissue biopsy. [1]
Pleural effusion obliterates the pleural vacuum and can collapse the lung (due to hydrostatic pressure), impairing ventilation and leading to type 2 respiratory failure. The condition can be treated by mechanically removing the fluid via thoracocentesis (also known as a "pleural tap") with a pigtail catheter , a chest tube , or a thoracoscopic ...
CT scan in a patient with usual interstitial pneumonia, showing interstitial thickening, architectural distortion, honeycombing and bronchiectasis.. In radiology, honeycombing or "honeycomb lung" is the radiological appearance seen with widespread pulmonary fibrosis [1] and is defined by the presence of small cystic spaces with irregularly thickened walls composed of fibrous tissue.