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The war with the Zengids began when Zengi assumed the rule of Aleppo in 1128 and ended when his son Nur ad-Din, the ruler of Aleppo and Damascus, died in 1174. Though the Zengids were technically Seljuks, they represented a menace to the Crusader states in their own right.
The crusader states were economic centres obstructing Muslim trade by sea with the west Europe, [clarification needed] and by land with Mesopotamia, Syria and the urban economies of the Nile. Commerce continued with the coastal cities providing maritime outlets for the Islamic hinterland, and unprecedented volumes of eastern wares were exported ...
Dissension in the crusader states led to conflicts such as the War of Saint Sabas. Venice drove the Genoese from Acre to Tyre where they continued to trade with Egypt. Indeed, Baibars negotiated free passage for the Genoese with Michael VIII Palaiologos, Emperor of Nicaea, the newly restored ruler of Constantinople. [183]
The Crusader states between the First and Second Crusades. The majority of crusaders now considered their pilgrimage complete and returned home. Only 300 knights and 2,000 infantry remained to defend Palestine. It was the support of the knights from Lorraine that enabled Godfrey to take leadership of Jerusalem, over the claims of Raymond.
Crusader state Conflict established in Date established Date disestablished County of Edessa [1] First Crusade: 1098 1144 Principality of Antioch [2] First Crusade: 1098 1268 Kingdom of Jerusalem [3] First Crusade: 1099 1291 County of Tripoli [4] First Crusade: 1102 1289 Kingdom of Cyprus [5] Third Crusade: 1192 1489 Latin Empire [6] Fourth ...
European states launched a number of minor Crusading expeditions to reinforce the Crusader states, including the abortive Crusade of Louis IX of France to Tunis in 1270, and the minor Ninth Crusade of Prince Edward (later King Edward I) of England in 1271–1272. The expeditions failed to provide the required relief; they were too small, too ...
With help from the Italian city-states and other adventurers, notably King Sigurd I of Norway, Baldwin captured the port cities of Acre (1104), Beirut (1110), and Sidon (1111), while exerting his suzerainty over the other crusader states to the north – Edessa (which he had founded in 1097 during the crusade), Antioch, and Tripoli, which he ...
3.2 From the Crusader states. 4 Crusade of 1197. 5 Fourth Crusade (1202–1204) ... Ayyubid–Crusader War (1177–1187) Baldwin IV of Jerusalem; Guy of Lusignan;