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European hornbeam in Germany, during May. Hornbeams are small, slow-growing, understory trees with a natural, rounded form growing 4.5–9 metres (15–30 feet) tall and wide; the exemplar species—the European hornbeam—reaches a maximum height of 32 m (105 ft).
Carpinus betulus, the European or common hornbeam, is a species of tree in the birch family Betulaceae, native to Western Asia and central, eastern, and southern Europe, including southern England. [1] It requires a warm climate for good growth, and occurs only at elevations up to 1,000 metres (3,281 ft).
Ostrya is a genus of eight to 10 small deciduous trees belonging to the birch family Betulaceae. Common names include hop-hornbeam and hophornbeam. It may also be called ironwood, a name shared with a number of other plants. The genus is native in southern Europe, southwest and eastern Asia, and North and Central America. [1]
Ostrya carpinifolia, the European hop-hornbeam, is a tree in the family Betulaceae. It is the only species of the genus Ostrya that is native to Europe. The specific epithet carpinifolia means "hornbeam-leaved", from carpinus , the Latin word for " hornbeam ".
A list of tree species, grouped generally by biogeographic realm and specifically by bioregions, and shade tolerance. Shade-tolerant species are species that are able to thrive in the shade, and in the presence of natural competition by other plants. Shade-intolerant species require full sunlight and little or no competition.
The leaf structure also varies, with Carpinus austrobalcanica having a flat leaf surface that is not wavy, while the other species (common hornbeam) has strongly wavy leaves. The leaf venation in C. austrobalcanica is not pronounced and more or less in the plane of the leaf surface. In contrast, common hornbeam has a pronounced venation.
The list currently includes 1352 species. ... European hop-hornbeam Betulaceae ... European nettle-tree Cannabaceae ...
The main creators of tree stands are Scots pine, European hornbeam, and black alder. Supporting species are Norway spruce and pedunculate oak, which can replace the main species if any are absent. Birch, aspen, and ash exhibit similar replacement abilities. [9] Norway spruce invades all environments, competing with pine, hornbeam, and alder.