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The Second English Civil War took place between February and August 1648 in England and Wales. It forms part of the series of conflicts known collectively as the 1639–1653 Wars of the Three Kingdoms , which include the 1641–1653 Irish Confederate Wars , the 1639–1640 Bishops' Wars , and the 1649–1653 Cromwellian conquest of Ireland .
The American Civil War began on April 12, 1861, when Confederate forces opened fire on the Union-held Fort Sumter. Fort Sumter is located in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina. [47] Its status had been contentious for months. Outgoing President Buchanan had dithered in reinforcing its garrison, commanded by Major Robert Anderson.
In the many decades between the Revolutionary War and the Civil War, such divisions became increasingly irreconcilable and contentious. [1] Events in the 1850s culminated with the election of the anti-slavery Republican Abraham Lincoln as president on November 6, 1860.
The Confiscation Act of 1862, or Second Confiscation Act, was a law passed by the United States Congress during the American Civil War. [1] This statute was followed by the Emancipation Proclamation , which President Abraham Lincoln issued "in his joint capacity as President and Commander-in-Chief".
After Charles I's execution at Whitehall on 30 January 1649, at the climax of the English Civil War, the Parliament of Scotland proclaimed Charles II king on 5 February 1649. However, England entered the period known as the English Interregnum or the English Commonwealth with a republican government eventually led by Oliver Cromwell .
The freedmen would have more rights than did free Blacks before the war, but they would still have only second-class civil rights, no voting rights, and no citizenship. They could not own firearms, serve on a jury in a lawsuit involving whites, or move about without employment. [102] The Black Codes outraged Northern opinion.
While there is no unanimous view on which battle's outcome or development represented the Civil War's turning point, the victory of the Union army in the Battle of Gettysburg, fought over three days from July 1 to July 3, 1863 in and around Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, followed immediately by the Union victory in the Siege of Vicksburg is often ...
With over 28,000 casualties, the Battle of the Wilderness ranks in the top five American Civil War battles in terms of casualties for both sides combined. [ Note 21 ] The official report for the Union listed 2,246 officers and men killed, 12,037 wounded, and 3,383 captured or missing—a total of 17,666 casualties for the Union side of the ...