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The Precision Time Protocol (PTP) is a protocol for clock synchronization throughout a computer network with relatively high precision and therefore potentially high accuracy. In a local area network (LAN), accuracy can be sub-microsecond – making it suitable for measurement and control systems. [ 1 ]
The Berkeley algorithm is a method of clock synchronisation in distributed computing which assumes no machine has an accurate time source. It was developed by Gusella and Zatti at the University of California, Berkeley in 1989. [1] Like Cristian's algorithm, it is intended for use within intranets.
Clock synchronization is a topic in computer science and engineering that aims to coordinate otherwise independent clocks.Even when initially set accurately, real clocks will differ after some amount of time due to clock drift, caused by clocks counting time at slightly different rates.
PPS signals are used for precise timekeeping and time measurement. One increasingly common use is in computer timekeeping, including NTP.Because GPS is considered a stratum-0 source, a common use for the PPS signal is to connect it to a PC using a low-latency, low-jitter wire connection and allow a program to synchronize to it.
The Network Time Protocol (NTP) is a networking protocol for clock synchronization between computer systems over packet-switched, variable-latency data networks. In operation since before 1985, NTP is one of the oldest Internet protocols in current use. NTP was designed by David L. Mills of the University of Delaware.
Mobile Networks require a kind of synchronization The aim of Synchronous Ethernet is to provide a synchronization signal to those network resources that may eventually require such a type of signal. The Synchronous Ethernet signal transmitted over the Ethernet physical layer should be traceable to an external clock, ideally a master and unique ...
In some cases, multiple measurements are made over a period of time, and exact time synchronization is determined retrospectively. In particular, time synchronization has been accomplished by using pairs of radio telescopes to listen to a pulsar , with the time transfer accomplished by comparing time offsets of the received pulsar signal.
Bayesian knowledge tracing is an algorithm used in many intelligent tutoring systems to model each learner's mastery of the knowledge being tutored.. It models student knowledge in a hidden Markov model as a latent variable, updated by observing the correctness of each student's interaction in which they apply the skill in question.