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Middle Egyptian: An introduction to the language and culture of hieroglyphs. Cambridge University Press. p. 315. ISBN 0521774837. David, Rosalie (2002). Religion and Magic in Ancient Egypt. Penguin. p. 93. ISBN 0140262520. David, Rosalie (10 May 2012). Journey through the Afterlife. Elsevier. p. 20. "Mummies: Death and the afterlife in ancient ...
Ancient Egyptian afterlife beliefs were centered around a variety of complex rituals that were influenced by many aspects of Egyptian culture. Religion was a major contributor, since it was an important social practice that bound all Egyptians together.
Nephthys's association with the kite or the Egyptian hawk (and its piercing, mournful cries) evidently reminded the ancients of the lamentations usually offered for the dead by wailing women. In this capacity, it is easy to see how Nephthys could be associated with death and putrefaction in the Pyramid Texts.
The Ancient Egyptian Books of the Afterlife, Erik Hornung, ISBN 0-8014-8515-0; The Egyptian Coffin Texts, edited by Adriaan de Buck and Alan Gardiner and published by the University of Chicago Oriental Institute. Volume 1, Texts of Spells 1-75; Volume 2, Texts of Spells 76-163; Volume 3, Texts of Spells 164-267; Volume 4, Texts of Spells 268-354
These rituals included mummifying the body, casting magic spells, and burials with specific grave goods thought to be needed in the afterlife. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Angelica vestis , in English and European antiquity, was a monastic garment that laymen wore a little before their death, that they might have the benefit of the prayers of the monks.
A funeral is a ceremony connected with the final disposition of a corpse, such as a burial or cremation, with the attendant observances. [1] Funerary customs comprise the complex of beliefs and practices used by a culture to remember and respect the dead, from interment, to various monuments, prayers, and rituals undertaken in their honour.
The Egyptian Book of the Dead: The Book of Going forth by Day, Twentieth Anniversary Edition. Chronicle Books. ISBN 978-1-4521-4438-2. Lichtheim, Miriam (1975). Ancient Egyptian Literature, vol 1. London, England: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-02899-6. Hornung, E. (1999). The Ancient Egyptian Books of the Afterlife. Translated by ...
Evidence of professional mourning is seen in Ancient Egypt through different pyramid and tomb inscriptions. Different inscriptions show women next to tombs holding their bodies in ways that show sorrow, such as "hands holding the backs of their necks, crossing their arms on their chests, kneeling and/or bending their bodies forwards".