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It was named due to abundant melanin production and accumulation in the cell walls, which leads to dark green, brown or black appearance of the cells and colonies [2] The species was established when the genomes of the four former varieties of Aureobasidium pullulans were sequenced and the large differences between them were discovered. [1]
In the absence of radiation, some non-melanized fungi (that had been mutated in the melanin pathway) grew faster than their melanized counterparts. Limited uptake of nutrients due to the melanin molecules in the fungal cell wall or toxic intermediates formed in melanin biosynthesis have been suggested to contribute to this phenomenon. [6]
The term "phaeohyphomycosis" was introduced to determine infections caused by dematiaceous (pigmented) filamentous fungi which contain melanin in their cell walls. [11] Phaeohyphomycosis is an uncommon infection, but the number of cases reported has been increasing in recent years. Fungal melanin is thought to be a virulence factor.
Melanin (/ ˈ m ɛ l ə n ɪ n / ⓘ; from Ancient Greek μέλας (mélas) 'black, dark') is a family of biomolecules organized as oligomers or polymers, which among other functions provide the pigments of many organisms. [1] Melanin pigments are produced in a specialized group of cells known as melanocytes.
Cladophialophora bantiana (C. bantiana) is a melanin producing mold known to cause brain abscesses in humans. [1] It is one of the most common causes of systemic phaeohyphomycosis in mammals. [ 2 ] Cladophialophora bantiana is a member of the ascomycota and has been isolated from soil samples from around the world.
Presence of 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene melanin in the cell wall [9] confers to the microfungi their characteristic olivaceous to dark brown/black colour. The consortium comprises two phylogenetically very different fungal groups. [10] [11] Many are found in the orders Capnodiales, Dothideales, and Pleosporales (class Dothideomycetes). These black ...
Bjerkandera adusta, commonly known as the smoky polypore or smoky bracket, [2] is a species of fungus in the family Phanerochaetaceae. It is a plant pathogen that causes white rot in live trees, but most commonly appears on dead wood.
Attempts at cultivating this fungus on potato dextrose agar and other simulated media resulted in a reduced and markedly different production of metabolites. [ 11 ] [ 12 ] Cultivated chaga developed a reduced number of phytosterols , particularly lanosterol , an intermediate in the synthesis of ergosterol and lanostane -type triterpenes .