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Eligibility for citizenship in the Pascua Yaqui Tribe is determined by whether a person or their ancestor's "name appears on the original base roll dated September 18, 1980, or applied for and was approved for membership under the Open Enrollment Act of 1994, Public Law 103-357", is an American citizen, and possesses 1/4th Pascua Yaqui Indian ...
The Five Tribes rejected the authority of federal courts in Indian Territory and fought against the tribal enrollment of these individuals. Following lengthy deliberations, the Secretary of the Interior sided with the Five Tribes and the 1896 Applications for Enrollment were overturned. Although the applications were rejected due to inaccurate ...
National Tribal Justice Resource Center [5] Native American Law Research Guide (Georgetown Law Library) [6] Tribal Law Gateway [7] Native American Constitution and Law Digitization Project; American Indian Law Center, Inc. American Indian Policy Center; Bureau of Indian Affairs, U.S. Department of the Interior; National Congress of American Indians
83.7(c): "Political influence or authority: The petitioner demonstrates that it has maintained political influence or authority over its members as an autonomous entity from 1900 until the present." [7] 83.7(d): "Governing document: The petitioner provides a copy of the group's present governing document including its membership criteria. In ...
The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), also known as Indian Affairs (IA), [2] is a United States federal agency within the Department of the Interior.It is responsible for implementing federal laws and policies related to Native Americans and Alaska Natives, and administering and managing over 55,700,000 acres (225,000 km 2) of reservations held in trust by the U.S. federal government for ...
For example, the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians requires at least 1/16 degree of Eastern Cherokee blood for tribal membership, whereas the Bureau of Indian Affairs' Higher Education Grant for college expenses requires a 1/4 degree minimum. [2] A Certificate of Degree of Indian Blood does not establish membership in a tribe.
Where tribal land has previously been dispossessed, the tribe cannot unify its aboriginal title with purchased fee simple to reconstitute "Indian Country" for the purposes of tribal sovereignty in the United States. [19] Similarly, states can tax and exercise criminal jurisdiction in alienated tribal land, whether or not the tribe reacquires it.
Tribal sovereignty has continued to evolve, with legal victories and federal acknowledgments supporting cultural revitalization. By the 21st century, Native Americans had achieved increased control over tribal lands and resources, although many communities continue to grapple with the legacy of displacement and economic challenges.