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Progressive bulbar palsy (PBP) is a medical condition. It belongs to a group of disorders known as motor neuron diseases. [1] PBP is a disease that attacks the nerves supplying the bulbar muscles. These disorders are characterized by the degeneration of motor neurons in the cerebral cortex, spinal cord, brain stem, and pyramidal tracts.
Fazio–Londe disease (FLD), also called progressive bulbar palsy of childhood, [1] [2] is a very rare inherited motor neuron disease of children and young adults and is characterized by progressive paralysis of muscles innervated by cranial nerves.
Symptoms of motor neuron diseases can be first seen at birth or can come on slowly later in life. Most of these diseases worsen over time; while some, such as ALS, shorten one's life expectancy, others do not. [2] Currently, there are no approved treatments for the majority of motor neuron disorders, and care is mostly symptomatic. [2]
In contrast, pseudobulbar palsy is a clinical syndrome similar to bulbar palsy but in which the damage is located in upper motor neurons of the corticobulbar tracts in the mid-pons (i.e., in the cranial nerves IX-XII), that is the nerve cells coming down from the cerebral cortex innervating the motor nuclei in the medulla.
Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) Kennedy's disease (KD) 313200: NR3C4: Xq12: X-linked recessive: Affects primarily bulbar muscles as well as sensory nerves mainly in adult men, progressive X-linked spinal muscular atrophy type 2 (SMAX2) Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita – X-linked type 1 (AMCX1) 301830: UBA1: Xp11.23: X-linked recessive
In addition to diaphragmatic paralysis, other issues may arise: as the name suggests, the distal limbs are most affected with symptoms of weakness, [3] restricting mobility due to (near-)paralysis of the distal limbs as well as the head and neck. [3] Also, dysfunction of the peripheral nerves and the autonomic nervous system may occur. [1]
Life expectancy is reduced, even as most people with SMA 2 live well into adulthood even without treatment. 253550: SMA 3 (Juvenile) Kugelberg–Welander disease >12 months The juvenile form, diagnosed in around 30% of patients, manifests after 12 months of age, or after the children have already learned to make at least a few independent steps.
Brown-Vialetto-Van-Laere syndrome (BVVL), is a rare, progressive, inherited neurodegenerative disorder that most often manifests in infancy or early childhood.Since 2010, mutations in the SLC52A1, SLC52A2, or SLC52A3 genes, which encode riboflavin transporters, have been identified as the cause of BVVL.