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Beryllium poisoning is poisoning by the toxic effects of beryllium, or more usually its compounds. It takes two forms: Acute beryllium poisoning, usually as a result of exposure to soluble beryllium salts; Chronic beryllium disease (CBD) or berylliosis, usually as a result of long-term exposure to beryllium oxide usually caused by inhalation.
The overall prevalence of chronic beryllium disease among workers exposed to beryllium has ranged from 1–5% depending on industry and time period of study. [35] [36] [38] The general population is unlikely to develop acute or chronic beryllium disease because ambient air levels of beryllium are normally very low (<0.03 ng/m 3). [39]
In addition to beryllium's toxicity when inhaled, when brought into contact with skin at relatively low doses, beryllium can cause local irritation and contact dermatitis, and contact with skin that has been scraped or cut may cause rashes or ulcers. [3] Beryllium dust or powder can irritate the eyes. [4]
Extremely high levels of unconjugated bilirubin in plasma enables bilirubin to cross the blood-brain-barrier to reach the brain and central nervous system to impart damage. This is termed kernicterus, or bilirubin encephalopathy. Kernicterus is rare in adults but is prevalent in newborns with underdeveloped blood-brain barriers and lower ...
There is a popular misconception that only heavy metals can be toxic, but lighter metals such as beryllium and lithium can be toxic too. [3] Not all heavy metals are particularly toxic, and some are essential, such as iron. The definition may also include trace elements when abnormally high doses may be toxic.
Hyperphosphatemia is an electrolyte disorder in which there is an elevated level of phosphate in the blood. [1] Most people have no symptoms while others develop calcium deposits in the soft tissue. [1] The disorder is often accompanied by low calcium blood levels, which can result in muscle spasms. [1]
A 25-foot (7.6 m) wall of coal fly ash from the release of 5.4 million cubic yards ash slurry into the Emory River, Tennessee, in 2008. [1] The river water was contaminated with toxic metals including arsenic, copper, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, nickel, and thallium. [2]
Arsenic poisoning (or arsenicosis) is a medical condition that occurs due to elevated levels of arsenic in the body. [4] If arsenic poisoning occurs over a brief period of time, symptoms may include vomiting, abdominal pain, encephalopathy, and watery diarrhea that contains blood. [1]