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Atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) of the skin is a low-grade malignancy related to malignant fibrous histiocytoma, which it resembles histologically. [ 2 ] : 613 Atypical fibroxanthoma manifests as a hard, pink or red papule or nodule that grows over the course of several months and may bleed or ulcerate .
Nevus cells are a variant of melanocytes. [1]: 684 They are larger than typical melanocytes, do not have dendrites, and have more abundant cytoplasm with coarse granules. [2] They are usually located at the dermoepidermal junction or in the dermis of the skin. Dermal nevus cells can be further classified: type A (epithelioid) dermal nevus cells ...
ThinPrep pap smear with group of normal cervical cells on left and HPV-infected cells showing features typical of koilocytes: enlarged (x2 or x3) nuclei and hyperchromasia. A koilocyte is a squamous epithelial cell that has undergone a number of structural changes, which occur as a result of infection of the cell by human papillomavirus (HPV ...
The key cytological findings that are observed at low magnification or, in other words, should be investigated according to the clinical characteristics of the patient are as follows: acantholytic cells, tadpole cells, granulomatous inflammation, infectious agents and increases in specific cells.
Atypical bacteria are bacteria that do not get colored by gram-staining but rather remain colorless: they are neither Gram-positive nor Gram-negative. These include the Chlamydiaceae , Legionella and the Mycoplasmataceae (including mycoplasma and ureaplasma ); the Spirochetes and Rickettsiaceae are also often considered atypical.
The CDKN2A gene is located on chromosome 9p21.3. Two main transcripts, isoforms '1' and '4', each contain three exons and span 7288 and 26740 bp, respectively. They encode proteins of 156 and 173 amino acids; isoform '1' encodes p16(INK4a), while isoform '4' encodes p14(ARF), a protein that is structurally unrelated to p16(INK4) but acts in cell cycle G1 control by stabilizing the tumor ...
An atypical mole may also be referred to as an atypical melanocytic nevus, [2] atypical nevus, B-K mole, Clark's nevus, dysplastic melanocytic nevus, or nevus with architectural disorder. [ 3 ] Dysplastic nevi often grow to larger than ordinary moles and may have irregular and indistinct borders.
Large melanocytic cells with nest formation along the dermo-epidermal junction. Invasion of the upper epidermis in a pagetoid fashion (discohesive single cell growth). The pattern of rete ridges is often effaced. Invasion of the dermis by atypical, pleomorphic melanocytes; Absence of the 'maturation' typical of naevus cells; Mitoses