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A German explosive-controlled boat attack on minesweepers sweeping channels to the port was broken up, and eight were sunk. [9] The main German resistance centred on the old fort of St Nicolas. French artillery opened up on the fort and after two days it was clear that resistance was futile and the Marseille garrison surrendered on 27 August.
Over the course of the 18th century, the port's defences were improved [30] and Marseille became more important as France's leading military port in the Mediterranean. In 1720, the last Great Plague of Marseille , a form of the Black Death , killed 100,000 people in the city and the surrounding provinces. [ 31 ]
The Marseille roundup was the systematic deportation of the Jews of Marseille in the Old Port between 22 and 24 January 1943 under the Vichy regime during the German occupation of France. Assisted by the French police , directed by René Bousquet , the Germans organized a raid to arrest Jews.
Throughout World War II, Prince Louis II kept Roblot as his minister of state despite his affiliations with pro-fascist individuals and despite demands by the Monegasque and French populations to dismiss him. [23] Roblot played an important role in the positions taken by Monaco as a consequence of the Italian and German occupations.
A French force invaded the Saarland in western Germany in the Saar Offensive led by general Louis Faury, who prior to the war had been head of the French Military Mission to Poland. Although tactically successful, as the advance into German territory reached 8 km, the Saar operation was abandoned on 12 September when the Anglo French Supreme ...
German soldiers march by the Arc de Triomphe on the Avenue des Champs-Élysées in Paris, June 1940. Alsace-Lorraine had been annexed after the Franco-Prussian war in 1871 by the German Empire and returned to France after the First World War. It was re-annexed by the Third Reich (thus subjecting their male population to German military ...
'Vichy regime'; 10 July 1940 – 9 August 1944), officially the French State (État français), was a French rump state headed by Marshal Philippe Pétain during World War II, established after the French capitulation after the defeat against Germany. It was named after its seat of government, the city of Vichy.
Operation Achse (German: Fall Achse, lit. 'Case Axis'), originally called Operation Alaric (Unternehmen Alarich), was the codename for the German operation to forcibly disarm the Italian armed forces after Italy's armistice with the Allies on 3 September 1943.