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Watson and Clark (1991) proposed the Tripartite Model of Anxiety and Depression to help explain the comorbidity between anxious and depressive symptoms and disorders. [1] This model divides the symptoms of anxiety and depression into three groups: negative affect, positive affect and physiological hyperarousal. [1][2][3] These three sets of ...
Many professionals believe that the cause of mental disorders is the biology of the brain and the nervous system. Mind mentions genetic factors, long-term physical health conditions, and head injuries or epilepsy (affecting behavior and mood) as factors that may trigger an episode of mental illness.
Biology of depression. Scientific studies have found that different brain areas show altered activity in humans with major depressive disorder (MDD), [ 1 ] and this has encouraged advocates of various theories that seek to identify a biochemical origin of the disease, as opposed to theories that emphasize psychological or situational causes.
Long-term depression. In neurophysiology, long-term depression (LTD) is an activity-dependent reduction in the efficacy of neuronal synapses lasting hours or longer following a long patterned stimulus. LTD occurs in many areas of the CNS with varying mechanisms depending upon brain region and developmental progress. [1]
Evolutionary approaches to depression. Evolutionary approaches to depression are attempts by evolutionary psychologists to use the theory of evolution to shed light on the problem of mood disorders within the perspective of evolutionary psychiatry. Depression is generally thought of as dysfunction or a mental disorder, but its prevalence does ...
It can also result from long-term (chronic) exposure to a severe stressor— [30] for example, soldiers who endure individual battles but cannot cope with continuous combat. Common symptoms include hypervigilance, flashbacks, avoidant behaviors, anxiety, anger, and depression. [31] In addition, individuals may experience sleep disturbances. [32]
Cognitive distortions are involved in the onset or perpetuation of psychopathological states, such as depression and anxiety. [ 1 ] According to Aaron Beck 's cognitive model, a negative outlook on reality, sometimes called negative schemas (or schemata ), is a factor in symptoms of emotional dysfunction and poorer subjective well-being .
Stress (biology) Schematic overview of the classes of stresses in plants. Neurohormonal response to stress. Stress, whether physiological, biological or psychological, is an organism's response to a stressor such as an environmental condition. [1] When stressed by stimuli that alter an organism's environment, multiple systems respond across the ...