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x86-64 (also known as x64, x86_64, AMD64, and Intel 64) [note 1] is a 64-bit version of the x86 instruction set, first announced in 1999. It introduced two new modes of operation, 64-bit mode and compatibility mode, along with a new 4-level paging mode.
The 64-bit extension created by Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) to Intel's x86 architecture (later licensed by Intel); commonly termed x86-64, AMD64, or x64: AMD's AMD64 extensions (used in Athlon 64 , Opteron , Sempron , Turion 64 , Phenom , Athlon II , Phenom II , APU , FX , Ryzen , and Epyc processors)
An instruction set architecture (ISA) is an abstract model of a computer, also referred to as computer architecture.A realization of an ISA is called an implementation.An ISA permits multiple implementations that may vary in performance, physical size, and monetary cost (among other things); because the ISA serves as the interface between software and hardware.
In April 2003, AMD released the first x86 processor with 64-bit general-purpose registers, the Opteron, capable of addressing much more than 4 GB of virtual memory using the new x86-64 extension (also known as AMD64 or x64). The 64-bit extensions to the x86 architecture were enabled only in the newly introduced long mode, therefore 32-bit and ...
No (x86 only) Yes Extension (Novell/Caldera VERSION etc.) No Extension Extension Extension No No MZ (GEM) GEM, ViewMAX.APP/.ACC: No (x86 only) Yes No No Unknown Unknown No No Unknown NE: MS-DOS 4.0 (multitasking), OS/2, Windows, HX DOS Extender.EXE: Unknown Unknown Unknown No Unknown Unknown No Only MZ (DOS) [11] Yes LE, (W3, W4)
The x86 instruction set refers to the set of instructions that x86-compatible microprocessors support. The instructions are usually part of an executable program, often stored as a computer file and executed on the processor. The x86 instruction set has been extended several times, introducing wider registers and datatypes as well as new ...
The Microsoft x64 calling convention [21] [22] is followed on Windows and pre-boot UEFI (for long mode on x86-64). The first four arguments are placed onto the registers. The first four arguments are placed onto the registers.
The x86 processors support five modes of operation for x86 code, Real Mode, Protected Mode, Long Mode, Virtual 86 Mode, and System Management Mode, in which some instructions are available and others are not. A 16-bit subset of instructions is available on the 16-bit x86 processors, which are the 8086, 8088, 80186, 80188, and 80286.