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x86 (also known as 80x86 [3] or the 8086 family [4]) is a family of complex instruction set computer (CISC) instruction set architectures [a] initially developed by Intel based on the 8086 microprocessor and its 8-bit-external-bus variant, the 8088.
The x86 instruction set refers to the set of instructions that x86-compatible microprocessors support. The instructions are usually part of an executable program, often stored as a computer file and executed on the processor. The x86 instruction set has been extended several times, introducing wider registers and datatypes as well as new ...
x86-64 (also known as x64, x86_64, AMD64, and Intel 64) [note 1] is a 64-bit version of the x86 instruction set, first announced in 1999. It introduced two new modes of operation, 64-bit mode and compatibility mode, along with a new 4-level paging mode.
x86 assembly language is the name for the family of assembly languages which provide some level of backward compatibility with CPUs back to the Intel 8008 ...
First x86 processor to support SIMD instruction with XMM register implemented, RISC μop decode scheme, integrated register renaming and out-of-order execution. Some important new instructions, including conditional moves, which allow the avoidance of costly branch instructions.
An instruction set architecture (ISA) is an abstract model of a computer, also referred to as computer architecture.A realization of an ISA is called an implementation.An ISA permits multiple implementations that may vary in performance, physical size, and monetary cost (among other things); because the ISA serves as the interface between software and hardware.
IA-32 is the first incarnation of x86 that supports 32-bit computing; [4] as a result, the "IA-32" term may be used as a metonym to refer to all x86 versions that support 32-bit computing. [5] [6] Within various programming language directives, IA-32 is still sometimes referred to as the "i386" architecture.
The x86-64 architecture further provides the special SWAPGS instruction, which allows swapping the kernel mode and user mode base addresses. For instance, Microsoft Windows on x86-64 uses the GS segment to point to the Thread Environment Block , a small data structure for each thread , which contains information about exception handling, thread ...