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Genetic heterogeneity is a common feature of tumour genomes, and can arise from multiple sources. Some cancers are initiated when exogenous factors introduce mutations, such as ultraviolet radiation (skin cancers) and tobacco (lung cancer).
Genetic heterogeneity occurs through the production of single or similar phenotypes through different genetic mechanisms. There are two types of genetic heterogeneity: allelic heterogeneity, which occurs when a similar phenotype is produced by different alleles within the same gene; and locus heterogeneity, which occurs when a similar phenotype is produced by mutations at different loci.
There are multiple levels of genetic heterogeneity associated with cancer, including single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), [35] sequence mutations, [30] Microsatellite shifts [29] and instability, [36] loss of heterozygosity (LOH), [34] Copy number variation (detected both by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), [31] and array CGH, [37 ...
The individual does not develop cancer at this point because the remaining TSG allele on the other locus is still functioning normally. Second Hit: While the second hit is commonly assumed to be a deletion that results in loss of the remaining functioning TSG allele, the original published mechanism of RB1 LOH was mitotic recombination / gene ...
A genetic or allelic heterogeneous condition is one where the same disease or condition can be caused, or contributed to, by varying different genes or alleles. In clinical trials and statistics the concepts of homogeneous and heterogeneous populations is important. The same applies for epidemiology [citation needed]
Typically, changes in multiple genes are required to transform a normal cell into a cancer cell. [97] Genetic changes can occur at different levels and by different mechanisms. The gain or loss of an entire chromosome can occur through errors in mitosis. More common are mutations, which are changes in the nucleotide sequence of genomic DNA.
A genetic disorder is a ... are acquired diseases. Some cancer ... and may identify causal factors that have previously been obscured by clinical heterogeneity, ...
Cancer genome sequencing is the whole genome sequencing of a single, homogeneous or heterogeneous group of cancer cells. It is a biochemical laboratory method for the characterization and identification of the DNA or RNA sequences of cancer cell(s).
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