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In 1979, Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was overthrown by an Islamic Revolution in Iran, replacing its millennia-old monarchy with a theocratic republic. Shortly after, the leader of the Revolution, a senior Islamic jurist named Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, also transliterated Khumaynî, successfully supported referendums to declare Iran an Islamic Republic in March 1979, and to approve a ...
This article lists forms of government and political systems, which are not mutually exclusive, and often have much overlap. [1] According to Yale professor Juan José Linz there are three main types of political systems today: democracies, totalitarian regimes and, sitting between these two, authoritarian regimes with hybrid regimes.
The Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran is officially a theocratic republic. [16] Article 2 of the Constitution explains the principles of the government of the Islamic Republic of Iran: Article 2 The Islamic Republic is a system based on belief in:
Shi'a clergy (or Ulema) have historically had a significant influence in Iran.The clergy first showed themselves to be a powerful political force in opposition to Iran's monarch with the 1891 tobacco protest boycott that effectively destroyed an unpopular concession granted by the shah giving a British company a monopoly over buying and selling tobacco in Iran.
The Imperial State of Iran, the government of Iran during the Pahlavi dynasty, lasted from 1925 to 1979.The use of torture and abuse of prisoners varied at times during the Pahlavi reign, according to one history, [6] but both of two monarchs – Reza Shah Pahlavi and his son Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi – employed censorship, secret police, torture, and executions.
A series of escalating protests broke out in major cities, and deadly riots broke out in Isfahan where protesters fought for the release of Ayatollah Jalaluddin Taheri. [ 128 ] [ 115 ] Martial law was declared in the city on 11 August as symbols of Western culture and government buildings were burned, and a bus full of American workers was bombed.
The first post-war decade in Iran has been described as a time of pragmatism, and an "economy-first" policy. [119] According to Shirin Ebadi, "about two years into the postwar period, the Islamic Republic quietly changed course. ... It was fairly clear by then that the Shia revolution would not be sweeping the region." [120]
Iran has been described as a "theocratic republic" by various sources, [29] [30] [31] including the CIA World Factbook. [32] Its constitution has been described as a "hybrid" of "theocratic and democratic elements" by Francis Fukuyama. [33] Like other Islamic states, it maintains religious laws and has religious courts to interpret all aspects ...