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Data from two states in the Pregnancy Risk Assessment System (PRAMS) show that in 2015—roughly the mid-point of the study period—10.8% of the sample used e-cigarettes in the three months prior to the pregnancy while 7.0%, 5.8%, and 1.4% used these products at the time of the pregnancy, in the first trimester, and at birth respectively. [109]
Tobacco smoking during pregnancy causes many detrimental effects on health and reproduction, in addition to the general health effects of tobacco.A number of studies have shown that tobacco use is a significant factor in miscarriages among pregnant smokers, and that it contributes to a number of other threats to the health of the foetus.
A 2016 review concluded that pregnant/breastfeeding women should not substitute cigarettes with e-cigarettes due to the uncertainty about ingredients. [60] The FDA has not approved e-cigarettes as a smoking cessation aid. [277] One study reported increased irritability among infants in those exposed to e-cigarettes or smoking. [278]
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A nicotine-free vape is not a worry-free vape. Software used: Adobe InDesign CC 13.0 (Macintosh) Conversion program: Adobe PDF Library 15.0: Encrypted: no: Page size: 864 x 1080 pts: Version of PDF format: 1.6
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Puffing characteristics differ between smoking and vaping. [68] Vaping typically require more 'suck' than cigarette smoking. [69] Factors that influence the level of blood nicotine concentrations include nicotine content in a device; how well the nicotine is vapored from the liquid reservoir; and additives that may contribute to nicotine intake ...