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A Celsius Galilean thermometer in two degree gradations. A risen orange orb denotes 24 °C. A Galileo thermometer (or Galilean thermometer) is a thermometer made of a sealed glass cylinder containing a clear liquid and several glass vessels of varying density. The individual floats rise or fall in proportion to their respective density and the ...
1612 — Santorio Sanctorius makes the first thermometer for medical use. 1617 — Giuseppe Biancani published the first clear diagram of a thermoscope; 1624 — The word thermometer (in its French form) first appeared in La Récréation Mathématique by Jean Leurechon, who describes one with a scale of 8 degrees. [2]
Philo of Byzantium is credited with the construction of the first thermoscope (or Philo thermometer), an early version of the thermometer. [6] It is also thought, but not certain, that Galileo Galilei discovered the specific principle on which the device is based and built the first thermoscope in 1593.
Galileo di Vincenzo Bonaiuti de' Galilei (15 February 1564 – 8 January 1642), commonly referred to as Galileo Galilei (/ ˌ ɡ æ l ɪ ˈ l eɪ oʊ ˌ ɡ æ l ɪ ˈ l eɪ /, US also / ˌ ɡ æ l ɪ ˈ l iː oʊ-/; Italian: [ɡaliˈlɛːo ɡaliˈlɛːi]) or mononymously as Galileo, was an Italian [a] astronomer, physicist and engineer, sometimes described as a polymath.
Galileo thermometer: invented by Galileo Galilei in 1593. Toffoli gate: a universal reversible logic gate invented by Tommaso Toffoli. Public toilets: latrines were part of the sanitation system of ancient Rome, placed near or as part of public baths .
Martin Horký (1578 – 1670s) was a Czech astronomer, astrologer, pamphleteer and traveler. He was notable for his early – and ultimately incorrect – criticism of Galileo Galilei's identification of the lunar mountains and Galilean moons of Jupiter.
Eventually, Aristotelian physics became popular for many centuries in Europe, informing the scientific and scholastic developments of the Middle Ages. It remained the mainstream scientific paradigm in Europe until the time of Galileo Galilei and Isaac Newton. Early in Classical Greece, knowledge that the Earth is spherical ("round") was common.
Not until the works of Johannes Kepler (1571–1630) and Galileo Galilei (1564–1642) was Ptolemy's manner of doing astronomy superseded. The use of more advanced tables and mathematics would provide the impetus for the establishment of the Gregorian calendar in 1582 (primarily to reform the calculation of the date of Easter ), replacing the ...