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Absorbance is defined as "the logarithm of the ratio of incident to transmitted radiant power through a sample (excluding the effects on cell walls)". [1] Alternatively, for samples which scatter light, absorbance may be defined as "the negative logarithm of one minus absorptance, as measured on a uniform sample". [2]
In chemistry, the molar absorption coefficient or molar attenuation coefficient (ε) [1] is a measurement of how strongly a chemical species absorbs, and thereby attenuates, light at a given wavelength. It is an intrinsic property of the species.
Absorption is a condition in which something takes in another substance. [1] In many processes important in technology, the chemical absorption is used in place of the physical process, e.g., absorption of carbon dioxide by sodium hydroxide – such acid-base processes do not follow the Nernst partition law (see: solubility).
The extinction law's primary application is in chemical analysis, where it underlies the Beer–Lambert law, commonly called Beer's law. Beer's law states that a beam of visible light passing through a chemical solution of fixed geometry experiences absorption proportional to the solute concentration.
An overview of absorption of electromagnetic radiation.This example shows the general principle using visible light as a specific example. A white light source—emitting light of multiple wavelengths—is focused on a sample (the pairs of complementary colors are indicated by the yellow dotted lines).
Next, suppose we have a material that violates Kirchhoff's law when integrated, such that the total coefficient of absorption is not equal to the coefficient of emission at a certain , then if the material at temperature is placed into a Hohlraum at temperature , it would spontaneously emit more than it absorbs, or conversely, thus ...
This should not be confused with "absorbance". Spectral hemispherical absorptance: A ν A λ — Spectral flux absorbed by a surface, divided by that received by that surface. This should not be confused with "spectral absorbance". Directional absorptance: A Ω — Radiance absorbed by a surface, divided by the radiance incident onto that surface.
Also acid ionization constant or acidity constant. A quantitative measure of the strength of an acid in solution expressed as an equilibrium constant for a chemical dissociation reaction in the context of acid-base reactions. It is often given as its base-10 cologarithm, p K a. acid–base extraction A chemical reaction in which chemical species are separated from other acids and bases. acid ...