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In 1996, recognizing the importance of GPS to civilian users as well as military users, U.S. President Bill Clinton issued a policy directive [61] declaring GPS a dual-use system and establishing an Interagency GPS Executive Board to manage it as a national asset.
A Selective Availability Anti-spoofing Module (SAASM) is used by military Global Positioning System receivers to allow decryption of precision GPS observations, while the accuracy of civilian GPS receivers may be reduced by the United States military through Selective Availability (SA) and anti-spoofing (AS). [1]
Announcements from the Vice President and the White House in 1998 heralded the beginning of these changes, and in 2000, the U.S. Congress reaffirmed the effort, referred to as GPS III. The project involves new ground stations and new satellites, with additional navigation signals for both civilian and military users.
L1C is a civilian-use signal, to be broadcast on the same L1 frequency (1575.42 MHz) that contains the C/A signal used by all current GPS users. L1C broadcasting started when GPS III Control Segment (OCX) Block 1 becomes operational, scheduled for 2022.
A GPS receiver in civilian automobile use. Air navigation systems usually have a moving map display and are often connected to the autopilot for en-route navigation. Cockpit-mounted GNSS receivers and glass cockpits are appearing in general aviation aircraft of all sizes, using technologies such as SBAS or DGPS to increase accuracy.
Israel under fire for 'GPS spoofing' affecting airplane navigation systems in Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Egypt, Turkey and Cyprus.
The AN/PSN-11 Precision Lightweight GPS Receiver (PLGR, colloquially "plugger") is a ruggedized, hand-held, single-frequency GPS receiver fielded by the United States Armed Forces. It incorporates the Precise Positioning Service — Security Module (PPS-SM) to access the encrypted P(Y)-code GPS signal .
During the 1990–91 Gulf War, the shortage of military GPS units caused many troops and their families to buy readily available civilian units. Selective Availability significantly impeded the U.S. military's own battlefield use of these GPS, so the military made the decision to turn it off for the duration of the war.