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Post-mastectomy pain syndrome is a chronic neuropathic pain that usually manifests as continuous pain in the arm, axilla, chest wall, and breast region. [3] Pain is most likely to start after surgery, [3] although adjuvant therapy, such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy, may sometimes cause new symptoms to appear. [4]
Staging breast cancer is the initial step to help physicians determine the most appropriate course of treatment. As of 2016, guidelines incorporated biologic factors, such as tumor grade, cellular proliferation rate, estrogen and progesterone receptor expression, human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) expression, and gene expression profiling into the staging system.
Breast cancer survivors who were treated with chemotherapy may find it harder to perform tasks than survivors whose treatment was surgical. One study demonstrated that, a year after treatment, the brains of cancer survivors treated with chemotherapy (after surgery) had physically shrunk while those of people only treated surgically had not. [12]
The new survey looked at how many respondents knew that the following could be symptoms of breast cancer: breast puckering; inverted, retracted, or downward-pointing nipple; nipple discharge ...
Searches for breast cancer symptoms soared by as much as 300% in the day after actress Olivia Munn announced her breast cancer diagnosis. Searches for breast cancer risk assessment tools like the ...
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 14 January 2025. Cancer that originates in mammary glands Medical condition Breast cancer An illustration of breast cancer Specialty Surgical Oncology Symptoms A lump in a breast, a change in breast shape, dimpling of the skin, fluid from the nipple, a newly inverted nipple, a red scaly patch of skin on ...
Noncyclical breast pain has various causes and is harder to diagnose and frequently the root cause is outside the breast. Some degree of non-cyclical breast tenderness can normally be present due to hormonal changes in puberty (both in girls and boys), in menopause and during pregnancy. [5] After pregnancy, breast pain can be caused by ...
Nonhormonal treatments: For people who aren't interested in taking hormones or who can't — for instance, breast cancer patients whose treatments and risk factors preclude hormone therapy ...