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  2. Eukaryotic transcription - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryotic_transcription

    First, an RNA polymerase along with general transcription factors binds to the promoter region of the gene to form a closed complex called the preinitiation complex. The subsequent transition of the complex from the closed state to the open state results in the melting or separation of the two DNA strands and the positioning of the template ...

  3. Chimeric RNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimeric_RNA

    DNA is composed of base pairs in which adenine pairs with thymine and guanine pairs with cytosine. While DNA serves as template for production of ribonucleic acid (RNA), RNA is usually responsible for making protein. The process of making RNA from DNA is called transcription. RNA uses a similar set of bases except that thymine is replaced with ...

  4. RNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA

    The presence of this functional group causes the helix to mostly take the A-form geometry, [11] although in single strand dinucleotide contexts, RNA can rarely also adopt the B-form most commonly observed in DNA. [12] The A-form geometry results in a very deep and narrow major groove and a shallow and wide minor groove. [13]

  5. Transcription (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_(biology)

    Other segments of DNA are transcribed into RNA molecules called non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Both DNA and RNA are nucleic acids, which use base pairs of nucleotides as a complementary language. During transcription, a DNA sequence is read by an RNA polymerase, which produces a complementary, antiparallel RNA strand called a primary transcript.

  6. Central dogma of molecular biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_dogma_of_molecular...

    A second version of the central dogma is popular but incorrect. This is the simplistic DNARNA → protein pathway published by James Watson in the first edition of The Molecular Biology of the Gene (1965). Watson's version differs from Crick's because Watson describes a two-step (DNARNA and RNA → protein) process as the central ...

  7. Nucleic acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleic_acid

    All living cells contain both DNA and RNA (except some cells such as mature red blood cells), while viruses contain either DNA or RNA, but usually not both. [15] The basic component of biological nucleic acids is the nucleotide , each of which contains a pentose sugar ( ribose or deoxyribose ), a phosphate group, and a nucleobase . [ 16 ]

  8. Nucleic acid structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleic_acid_structure

    A-DNA, is a form of the DNA duplex observed under dehydrating conditions. It is shorter and wider than B-DNA. RNA adopts this double helical form, and RNA-DNA duplexes are mostly A-form, but B-form RNA-DNA duplexes have been observed. [14] In localized single strand dinucleotide contexts, RNA can also adopt the B-form without pairing to DNA. [15]

  9. Ribonucleotide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribonucleotide

    Both types of pentoses in DNA and RNA are in their β-furanose (closed five-membered ring) form and they define the identity of a nucleic acid. DNA is defined by containing 2'-deoxy-ribose nucleic acid while RNA is defined by containing ribose nucleic acid. [1] In some occasions, DNA and RNA may contain some minor bases.