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In computer networking, the maximum transmission unit (MTU) is the size of the largest protocol data unit (PDU) that can be communicated in a single network layer transaction. [ 1 ] : 25 The MTU relates to, but is not identical to the maximum frame size that can be transported on the data link layer , e.g., Ethernet frame .
The default TCP Maximum Segment Size is for IPv4 is 536. For IPv6 it is 1220. [1]: §3.7.1 Where a host wishes to set the maximum segment size to a value other than the default, the maximum segment size is specified as a TCP option, initially in the TCP SYN packet during the TCP handshake. The value cannot be changed after the connection is ...
Because TCP packets do not include a session identifier, both endpoints identify the session using the client's address and port. Whenever a packet is received, the TCP implementation must perform a lookup on this table to find the destination process. Each entry in the table is known as a Transmission Control Block or TCB.
For example, in Point-to-Point Protocol, the packet is formatted in 8-bit bytes, and special characters are used to delimit elements. Other protocols, like Ethernet, establish the start of the header and data elements by their location relative to the start of the packet. Some protocols format the information at a bit level instead of a byte ...
where RWIN is the TCP Receive Window and RTT is the round-trip time for the path. The Max TCP Window size in the absence of TCP window scale option is 65,535 bytes. Example: Max Bandwidth = 65,535 bytes / 0.220 s = 297886.36 B/s * 8 = 2.383 Mbit/s. Over a single TCP connection between those endpoints, the tested bandwidth will be restricted to ...
Jumbo frames can increase the efficiency of Ethernet and network processing in hosts by reducing the protocol overhead, as shown in the following example with TCP over IPv4. The processing overhead of the hosts can potentially decrease by the ratio of the payload sizes (approximately six times improvement in this example). Whether this is ...
An IPv6 network does not perform fragmentation in network elements, but requires end hosts and higher-layer protocols to avoid exceeding the path MTU. [20] The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is an example of a protocol that adjusts its segment size to be
The network throughput of a connection with flow control, for example a TCP connection, with a certain window size (buffer size), can be expressed as: Network throughput ≈ Window size / roundtrip time. In case of only one physical link between the sending and transmitting nodes, this corresponds to: