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The painting illustrates Luke 10, verses 38–42 in the Bible, when Christ ate at the table of the sisters Martha and Mary. [2] In the scripture, Martha is doing all the work to serve as hostess to Jesus, while her sister sat with him. [2] She reproved Mary for sitting while she did all the work. [2]
The fresco was painted before the city's conquest and abandonment in AD 256, but it is from the 5th century that representations of either two or three women approaching a tomb guarded by an angel appear with regularity, and become the standard depiction of the Resurrection. [8]
The Greek noun sophia is the translation of "wisdom" in the Greek Septuagint for Hebrew חכמות Ḥokmot.Wisdom is a central topic in the "sapiential" books, i.e. Proverbs, Psalms, Song of Songs, Ecclesiastes, Book of Wisdom, Wisdom of Sirach, and to some extent Baruch (the last three are Apocryphal / Deuterocanonical books of the Old Testament.)
The quote is from the Bible, Luke 10: 41–42, in which Jesus teaches Martha that her sister Mary has made a better choice in embracing a spiritual life. [3] It is improbable that this phrase was added by Gentileschi, but at a later point in time, as is suggested by the words appearing in the gloss of the canvas.
While the Eastern Church does not generally create three-dimensional religious art, Eleusa-style reliefs and sculptures, as well as icons, have also been used in the Western Church. The Pelagonitissa is a variant in which the infant Jesus makes an abrupt movement. [5]
Name in Hebrew reads שלומית (Shlomit) and is derived from Shalom שלום, meaning "peace". Matthew, Mark [173] [174] Salome #2 – a follower of Jesus present at his crucifixion as well as the empty tomb. Mark [175] Samaritan woman at the well, or Photine is a well known figure from the Gospel of John; Sapphira – Acts [176]
The pigment analysis of this painting [3] reveals the use of the pigments of the baroque period such as madder lake, yellow ochre, vermilion and lead white.Vermeer did not paint the robe of Christ with his usual blue pigment of choice ultramarine (see for example The Milkmaid) but with a mixture of smalt, indigo and lead white.
The topic of the canvas is taken from the Book of Judges, verses 4:11-22 and 5:24-31. It depicts the moment in which a Kenite woman Jael is about to kill Sisera, a defeated Canaanite general. After his defeat by the Israelites he flees to a nearby settlement, where Jael takes him in, promises to feed him and hide him from the authorities.