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The whole procedure can be performed on cells from the blood, bone marrow or spinal fluid in a matter of a few hours. [citation needed] Immunophenotyping is a very common flow cytometry test in which fluorophore-conjugated antibodies are used as probes for staining target cells with high avidity and affinity.
Flow cytometry (FC) is a technique used to detect and measure the physical and chemical characteristics of a population of cells or particles. [1] [2] [3] [4]In this process, a sample containing cells or particles is suspended in a fluid and injected into the flow cytometer instrument.
Lymphoma is definitively diagnosed by a lymph-node biopsy, meaning a partial or total excision of a lymph node examined under the microscope. [22] This examination reveals histopathological features that may indicate lymphoma. After lymphoma is diagnosed, a variety of tests may be carried out to look for specific features characteristic of ...
Further information about the specimen may be gained by immunohistochemical stains and molecular testing, particularly if the sample is prepared using liquid based cytology. Often "reflex" testing is performed, such as HPV testing on an abnormal pap test or flow cytometry on a lymphoma specimen.
Detection of fluorescent probe binding by the cells requires the use of flow cytometry preferably employing 6 to 8 different fluorescent probes that bind to different markers on 5 million cells from the patient's blood. The table also includes the percentage of MLB cases with the phenotype and the malignancies to which they progress.
[1] [2] Diagnoses and treatment of diseases such as leukemia and lymphoma often deal with hematopathology; techniques and technologies include flow cytometry studies [3] and immunohistochemistry. In the United States, hematopathology is a board-certified subspecialty by the American Board of Pathology. Board-eligible or board-certified ...
Lymphocytosis is usually detected when a complete blood count is obtained. If not provided the lymphocyte count can be calculated by multiplying the total white blood cell (WBC) count by the percentage of lymphocytes found in the differential count. [13] The lymphocyte count can also be directly measured by flow cytometry. [citation needed]
Clinical chemistry: an automated blood chemistry analyser. Clinical pathology is a medical specialty that is concerned with the diagnosis of disease based on the laboratory analysis of bodily fluids , such as blood , urine , and tissue homogenates or extracts using the tools of chemistry , microbiology , hematology , molecular pathology , and ...