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Current evidence shows that aminoglycosides do retain activity against the majority of Gram-negative clinical bacterial isolates in many parts of the world. Still, the relatively frequent occurrence of nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity during aminoglycoside treatment makes physicians reluctant to use these compounds in everyday practice.
A classic example of this effect is the interaction between β-lactams, which damage the bacteria cell membrane, and aminoglycosides, which inhibit protein synthesis. [1] The damage dealt to the cell wall by β-lactams allows more aminoglycoside molecules to be taken up into the cell than would otherwise be possible, enhancing cell damage. [1]
Neomycin belongs to the aminoglycoside class of antibiotics and fights against Gram positive and gram negative bacteria. The antibiotic is often used to prevent risk of bacterial infections. [22] Aminoglycosides work by binding to bacterial RNA and changing the ability to produce proteins while exerting little to no effect on DNA. Thus ...
Side-effects of amikacin are similar to those of other aminoglycosides. Kidney damage and ototoxicity (which can lead to hearing loss) are the most important effects, occurring in 1–10% of users. [17] The nephro- and ototoxicity are thought to be due to aminoglycosides' tendency to accumulate in the kidneys and inner ear. [8] Diagram of the ...
Aminoglycoside-3'-phosphotransferase (APH(3')), also known as aminoglycoside kinase, is an enzyme that primarily catalyzes the addition of phosphate from ATP to the 3'-hydroxyl group of a 4,6-disubstituted aminoglycoside, such as kanamycin. [2]
Kanamycin is in the aminoglycoside family of medications. [3] It has the weakest antibacterial capabilities of all compounds in this family when used clinically, which is partially due to its increased toxicity in comparison to other aminoglycosides. [5] It works by blocking the production of proteins that are required for bacterial survival. [3]
Aminoglycosides are a class of antibiotics. The most frequently used aminoglycosides include gentamicin, amikacin and streptomycin. These antibiotics are usually used in combination with other antimicrobial agents to treat drug-resistant organisms. For example, they are used with β-lactam for bacterial infections in pneumonia. [7]
Capreomycin is commonly grouped with the aminoglycoside family of medications. [2] How it works is unclear. [1] Capreomycin was discovered from Streptomyces capreolus in 1960. [3] It was removed from the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines in 2019. [4]