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Iodine cycle diagram showing how iodine is cycled through the ecosystem, including living organisms. The figures all have units of teragrams (Tg). The figures all have units of teragrams (Tg). Iodine is an essential trace element in biological systems.
The iodine cycle is a biogeochemical cycle that primarily consists of natural [1] and biological processes [3] that exchange iodine through the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. [ 3 ] [ 2 ] Iodine exists in many forms, but in the environment, it generally has an oxidation state of -1, 0, or +5.
A plant that completes its life cycle (i.e. germinates, reproduces, and dies) within a single year or growing season. annulus 1. A ring-like structure; in the form of a ring. Pappus bristles are sometimes attached to a ring called an annulus or disk at the top of the achene beak.
In fruit, the cell walls are mainly composed of polysaccharides including pectin. During ripening, a lot of the pectin is converted from a water-insoluble form to a soluble one by certain degrading enzymes. [11] These enzymes include polygalacturonase. [9] This means that the fruit will become less firm as the structure of the fruit is degraded.
Because of its high concentration of iodine, brown kelp has been used to treat goiter, an enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by a lack of iodine, since medieval times. [51] An intake of roughly 150 micrograms of iodine per day is beneficial for preventing hypothyroidism. Overconsumption can lead to kelp-induced thyrotoxicosis. [52]
The ocean plays a key role in the water cycle as it is the source of 86% of global evaporation. [2] The water cycle involves the exchange of energy, which leads to temperature changes. When water evaporates, it takes up energy from its surroundings and cools the environment. When it condenses, it releases energy and warms the environment.
Groundwater recharge also encompasses water moving away from the water table farther into the saturated zone. [1] Recharge occurs both naturally (through the water cycle) and through anthropogenic processes (i.e., "artificial groundwater recharge"), where rainwater and/or reclaimed water is routed to the subsurface.
The cycle or process of evaporation and condensation of water and its distribution across the Earth as driven by solar energy. Also called the water cycle. hydrophyte See aquatic plant. hydrosphere The combined mass of water found on, under and above the surface of the Earth. hydrothermal vent An underwater steaming fissure that has a unique ...