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Then is called a pivotal quantity (or simply a pivot). Pivotal quantities are commonly used for normalization to allow data from different data sets to be compared. It is relatively easy to construct pivots for location and scale parameters: for the former we form differences so that location cancels, for the latter ratios so that scale cancels.
Pivotal conversion is similarly used in other areas. Office applications, when employed to convert between office file formats, use their internal, default file format as a pivot. For example, a word processor may convert an RTF file to a WordPerfect file by converting the RTF to OpenDocument and then that to
In theoretical statistics, parametric normalization can often lead to pivotal quantities – functions whose sampling distribution does not depend on the parameters – and to ancillary statistics – pivotal quantities that can be computed from observations, without knowing parameters.
A ancillary statistic is a specific case of a pivotal quantity that is computed only from the data and not from the parameters. They can be used to construct prediction intervals . They are also used in connection with Basu's theorem to prove independence between statistics.
Solid Converter PDF is document reconstruction software from Solid Documents which converts PDF files to editable formats. Originally released for the Microsoft Windows operating system, a Mac OS X version was released in 2010. The current versions are Solid Converter PDF 9.0 for Windows and Solid PDF to Word for Mac 2.1.
It uses the Ghostscript file format converter and RedMon printer redirection software. [5] According to its documentation, PrimoPDF has the following features: PrimoPDF supports creation profiles (Screen, eBook, Print, Prepress, and Custom) to determine file quality, resolution, and size. Can append output to an existing PDF file.
One way of avoiding PDF file exploits is to have a local or web service convert files to another format before viewing. On March 30, 2010, security researcher Didier Stevens reported an Adobe Reader and Foxit Reader exploit that runs a malicious executable if the user allows it to launch when asked.
Thus for inference purposes the t statistic is a useful "pivotal quantity" in the case when the mean and variance (,) are unknown population parameters, in the sense that the t statistic has then a probability distribution that depends on neither nor .