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Endianness is primarily expressed as big-endian (BE) or little-endian (LE), terms introduced by Danny Cohen into computer science for data ordering in an Internet Experiment Note published in 1980. [1] The adjective endian has its origin in the writings of 18th century Anglo-Irish writer Jonathan Swift.
BER: variable-length big-endian binary representation (up to 2 2 1024 bits); PER Unaligned: a fixed number of bits if the integer type has a finite range; a variable number of bits otherwise; PER Aligned: a fixed number of bits if the integer type has a finite range and the size of the range is less than 65536; a variable number of octets ...
Image file encoded in the Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) [9] 49 49 2A 00 (little-endian) II*␀ 0 tif tiff Tagged Image File Format (TIFF) [10] 4D 4D 00 2A (big-endian) MM␀* 49 49 2B 00 (little-endian) II+␀ 0 tif tiff BigTIFF [11] 4D 4D 00 2B (big-endian) MM␀+ 0 49 49 2A 00 10 00 00 00 43 52: II*␀␐␀␀␀CR: 0 cr2 Canon RAW ...
PEF files, used by the classic Mac OS and BeOS for PowerPC executables, contain the ASCII code for "Joy!" (4A 6F 79 21) as a prefix. TIFF files begin with either "II" or "MM" followed by 42 as a two-byte integer in little or big endian byte ordering. "II" is for Intel, which uses little endian byte ordering, so the magic number is 49 49 2A 00.
The BOM for little-endian UTF-32 is the same pattern as a little-endian UTF-16 BOM followed by a UTF-16 NUL character, an unusual example of the BOM being the same pattern in two different encodings. Programmers using the BOM to identify the encoding will have to decide whether UTF-32 or UTF-16 with a NUL first character is more likely.
If the BOM is missing, RFC 2781 recommends [e] that big-endian (BE) encoding be assumed. In practice, due to Windows using little-endian (LE) order by default, many applications assume little-endian encoding. It is also reliable to detect endianness by looking for null bytes, on the assumption that characters less than U+0100 are very common.
An architecture may use "big" or "little" endianness, or both, or be configurable to use either. Little-endian processors order bytes in memory with the least significant byte of a multi-byte value in the lowest-numbered memory location. Big-endian architectures instead arrange bytes with the most significant byte at the lowest-numbered address.
If a SREC file is only used to program a memory device and the execution location is ignored, then an address of zero could be used. S8: Start Address (Termination) 24-bit Address This record contains the starting execution location at a 24-bit address. [4] [5] This is used to terminate a series of S2 records. If a SREC file is only used to ...