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Patients with BCKDK deficiency have low levels of branched chain amino acids (BCAA) in their organism due to accelerated breakdown of these essential amino acids. This results in delayed brain development, which may present as intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder .
Propionic acidemia, also known as propionic aciduria or propionyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency (PCC deficiency), [1] is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder, classified as a branched-chain organic acidemia. [2] [3] The disorder presents in the early neonatal period with poor feeding, vomiting, lethargy, and lack of muscle tone. [4]
Most of the organic acidemias result from defective autosomal genes for various enzymes important to amino acid metabolism.Neurological and physiological harm is caused by this impaired ability to synthesize a key enzyme required to break down a specific amino acid, or group of amino acids, resulting in acidemia and toxicity to specific organs systems.
Biosynthesis and breakdown of serotonin and the catecholamines, and the metabolic block in aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency, Wassenberg et al., 2017. [1] Babies with severe aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency usually present to clinicians during the first few months of life. Symptoms can include: Hypotonia (floppiness)
AMPD1 deficiency is caused by a defect in the mechanism for production of AMP deaminase – an enzyme that converts adenosine monophosphate (AMP) to inosine monophosphate (IMP). [3] While the deficiency affects approximately 1–2% of people in populations of predominantly European descent, [ 3 ] the disorder appears to be considerably rarer in ...
Homocystinuria (HCU) [2] is an inherited disorder of the metabolism of the amino acid methionine due to a deficiency of cystathionine beta synthase or methionine synthase. [3] It is an inherited autosomal recessive trait, which means a child needs to inherit a copy of the defective gene from both parents to be affected.
Methylmalonic acidemia has an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance.. Methylmalonic acidemias have an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern, which means the defective gene is located on an autosome, and two copies of the gene—one from each parent—must be inherited to be affected by the disorder.
Patients with a complete deletion have an inactivation of methylmalonyl CoA mutase and exhibit the most severe symptoms of the deficiency, while patients with a partial mutations have a wide range of symptoms. Over 49 different mutations [7] have been discovered for the MUT gene, yet only two appear in any discernible frequency. [citation needed]