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The term "Hawthorne effect" was coined in 1953 by John R. P. French [7] after the Hawthorne studies were conducted between 1924 and 1932 at the Hawthorne Works (a Western Electric factory in Cicero, outside Chicago). The Hawthorne Works had commissioned a study to determine if its workers would become more productive in brighter or dimmer ...
Aerial view of the Hawthorne Works, ca. 1907. The Hawthorne Works was a large factory complex of the Western Electric Company in Cicero, Illinois. In addition to industrial plants, several on-site community amenities were provided to workers. Named for the original name of what became Cicero, Hawthorne, it opened in 1905 and operated until 1983.
The Hawthorne–El Segundo Line was an interurban railway route of the Pacific Electric Railway. It was built to transport oil from the Standard Oil Refinery in El Segundo and also saw passenger service. Unlike most corridors which hosted Pacific Electric passengers, the line remains largely intact as the Union Pacific El Segundo Industrial Lead.
The Hawthorne studies marked a turning point in organizational behavior research. These studies, conducted at Hawthorne Works, a telephone equipment factory in Cicero, Illinois, from 1924 to 1933, aimed to improve worker conditions and understand the dynamic relationships between managers and workers. [3]
Warner became involved in Mayo's project of studying the workplace and organizational structure using the Western Electric Hawthorne plant in Chicago as its location. Warner's contribution consisted of the introduction of anthropological techniques of observation and interviewing, an innovation that helped cultural explanations to emerge from ...
The route was constructed by Los Angeles and Redondo Railway in 1902. [1] [2] Service was operating between Los Angeles and Redondo Beach by September 22. [3]That line was split up after the Great Merger of 1911, with the segment between Hawthorne and El Nido going to the Pacific Electric and the tracks north of Hawthorne becoming the Los Angeles Railway E Line. [4]
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Western Electric's Hawthorne plant near Chicago was the scene of famous studies into worker behavior. AT&T had a deep commitment to research, and now became innovative in applying research methodology to personnel problems. AT&T wanted the technically best best products, but it also wanted the most efficient workers.