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Orographic lift occurs when an air mass is forced from a low elevation to a higher elevation as it moves over rising terrain. [ 1 ] : 162 As the air mass gains altitude it quickly cools down adiabatically , which can raise the relative humidity to 100% and create clouds and, under the right conditions, precipitation .
Orographic precipitation occurs when moist air is forced upwards over rising terrain and condenses on the slope, such as a mountain. Precipitation can fall in either liquid or solid phases, is mixed with both, or transition between them at the freezing level. Liquid forms of precipitation include rain and drizzle and dew.
Computer models simulating these factors have shown that narrow barriers and steeper slopes produce stronger updraft speeds, which in turn increase orographic precipitation. Orographic precipitation is known to occur on oceanic islands, such as the Hawaiian Islands and New Zealand; much of the rainfall received on such islands is on the ...
Mechanisms of producing precipitation include convective, stratiform, [10] and orographic rainfall. [11] Convective processes involve strong vertical motions that can cause the overturning of the atmosphere in that location within an hour and cause heavy precipitation, [ 12 ] while stratiform processes involve weaker upward motions and less ...
Orographic precipitation is precipitation created through the lifting action of air due to air masses moving over terrain such as mountains and hills, which is most common behind cold fronts that move into mountainous areas. It may sometimes occur in advance of warm fronts moving northward to the east of mountainous terrain.
Orographic lifting produces the world's second-highest annual precipitation record, 12,700 mm (500 in), on the island of Kauai; the leeward side is understandably rain-shadowed. [1] The entire island of Kahoolawe lies in the rain shadow of Maui's East Maui Volcano. [citation needed]
Orographic lift occurs when an air mass is forced from a low elevation to a higher elevation as it moves over rising terrain.As the air mass gains altitude it quickly cools down adiabatically, which can raise the relative humidity to 100% and create clouds and, under the right conditions, precipitation.
Tectonic–climatic interaction is the interrelationship between tectonic processes and the climate system. The tectonic processes in question include orogenesis, volcanism, and erosion, while relevant climatic processes include atmospheric circulation, orographic lift, monsoon circulation and the rain shadow effect.