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These include ethos, pathos, and logos, all three of which appear in Aristotle's Rhetoric. [1] Together with those three modes of persuasion, there is also a fourth term called Kairos ( Ancient Greek : καιρός), which is related to the “moment” that the speech is going to be held. [ 2 ]
While Books I and II are more systematic and address ethos, logos, and pathos, Book III is often considered a conglomeration of Greek stylistic devices on rhetoric. However, Book III contains informative material on lexis (style) which refers to the "way of saying" [ 1 ] : III.1–12 and taxis , which refers to the arrangement of words. [ 1 ] :
The original version includes only three points: the writer/speaker (ethos), the audience (pathos), and the message itself (logos). All the points affect one another, so mastering each creates a persuasive rhetorical stance. [9] The rhetorical tetrahedron carries those three points along with context. Context can help explain the "why" and "how ...
Aristotle also identified three persuasive audience appeals: logos, pathos, and ethos. The five canons of rhetoric , or phases of developing a persuasive speech, were first codified in classical Rome: invention , arrangement , style , memory , and delivery .
Greek spelling of logos. Logos (UK: / ˈ l oʊ ɡ ɒ s, ˈ l ɒ ɡ ɒ s /, US: / ˈ l oʊ ɡ oʊ s /; Ancient Greek: λόγος, romanized: lógos, lit. 'word, discourse, or reason') is a term used in Western philosophy, psychology and rhetoric, as well as religion (notably Christianity); among its connotations is that of a rational form of discourse that relies on inductive and deductive ...
[6] The first dealt with the matter of the case (logos), the second dealt with the character of the speaker (ethos), and the third dealt with the emotions of the audience (pathos). [7] Each mode of persuasion can be inventional, helping an orator create an effective argument.
Pathos is a term most often used in rhetoric (in which it is considered one of the three modes of persuasion, alongside ethos and logos), as well as in literature, film and other narrative art. Methods
Ethos – a rhetorical appeal to an audience based on the speaker/writer's credibility. Ethopoeia – the act of putting oneself into the character of another to convey that person's feelings and thoughts more vividly. Eulogy – a speech or writing in praise of a person, especially one who recently died or retired.