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The judicial system is structured in three levels with subsidiary parts. The Supreme Court is the top court and serves as the final court of appeal for all civil and criminal cases in India. High Courts are the top judicial bodies in individual states, controlled and managed by state Chief Justices.
According to the Section 11 of the Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 (CrPc), a Court of Judicial Magistrate of First Class may be established by the State Government in consultation with the High Court of the respective state at such places in the district and in any number by a notification.
Courts of Judicial Magistrate of Second Class are at the lowest hierarchy of the Criminal Court structure in India. [1] According to the Section 11 of the Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 (CrPc), a Court of Judicial Magistrate of Second Class may be established by the State Government in consultation with the High Court of the respective state at such places in the district and in any number by a ...
He is the highest judicial authority below a high court judge. Below him, there are courts of civil jurisdiction, known by different names in different states. Under Article 141 of the constitution, all courts in India, including high courts – are bound by the judgements and orders of the Supreme Court of India by precedence.
Subordinate courts, on the criminal side, in ascending order, are Second Class Judicial Magistrate Court, First Class Judicial Magistrate Court, Chief Judicial Magistrate Court. Certain matters on the criminal or civil sides cannot be tried by a court lower than the district court. The district court thus has original jurisdiction over these cases.
India: Supreme Court of India: Appointed by the President, on recommendations [b] of the Supreme Court Collegium consisting of the 5 senior-most judges of the Supreme Court including the Chief Justice. [3] no term limit: 65: 34 including the Chief Justice of India Indonesia: Constitutional Court of Indonesia: Supreme Court of Indonesia Iran
Supreme Court Advocates-on Record Association vs Union of India – 1993 [3] In re Special Reference 1 of 1998 [4] Over the course of the three cases, the court evolved the principle of judicial independence to mean that no other branch of the state, – including the legislature and the executive, – would have any say in the appointment of ...
Chief Judicial Magistrate's Court or Court of Chief Judicial Magistrate (abbreviated as CJM Court) is the second tier court in the criminal court structure in India.Court of Chief Judicial Magistrate is the apex body of the Criminal Judiciary at the district level, and it is presided over by the Chief Judicial Magistrate. [1]