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  2. Water softening - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_softening

    Brine draw: Water is directed through a jet pump, which pulls salt water from the brine tank, before the water and brine pass through the resin bed in the normal direction, if co-current, or in the reverse direction, if counter-current. [12] The output of this typically thirty-minute process is discarded through the drain hose.

  3. Backwashing (water treatment) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backwashing_(water_treatment)

    Spent backwash water is either discharged without treatment to a sanitary sewer system or is treated and recycled within the plant. [4]: 22.37–22.40 Historically, backwash water was discharged directly to surface water supplies; however, direct discharge is now highly regulated through NPDES discharge permits and is often discouraged.

  4. Dealkalization of water - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dealkalization_of_water

    Chloride cycle dealkalizers operate similar to sodium cycle cation water softeners. Like water softeners, dealkalizers contain ion-exchange resins that are regenerated with a concentrated salt solution - NaCl. In the case of a water softener, the cation exchange resin is exchanging sodium (the Na + ion of NaCl) for hardness minerals such as ...

  5. Perspiration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perspiration

    In humans, sweating is primarily a means of thermoregulation, which is achieved by the water-rich secretion of the eccrine glands. Maximum sweat rates of an adult can be up to 2–4 litres (0.5–1 US gal) per hour or 10–14 litres (2.5–3.5 US gal) per day, but is less in children prior to puberty.

  6. Bromine water - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromine_water

    Bromine water, Br 2. Bromine water is an oxidizing, intense brown mixture containing diatomic bromine (Br 2) dissolved in water (H 2 O). [1] It is often used as a reactive in chemical assays of recognition for substances which react with bromine in an aqueous environment with the halogenation mechanism, mainly unsaturated carbon compounds (carbon compounds with 1 or more double or triple bond(s)).

  7. Bromine production in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromine_production_in_the...

    Bromine started Dow Chemical, but the company quickly diversified into the giant chemical manufacturer it is today. For many years the Michigan Basin was the leading producer of bromine. In 1980, five companies were operating six bromine extraction plants in Michigan. The Dow Chemical Company closed Michigan's last operating bromine plant in 2007.

  8. Softener - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softener

    Softener may refer to: Fabric softener , a conditioner that is typically applied to laundry during the rinse cycle in a washing machine. Stool softener , anionic surfactants that enable additional water and fats to be incorporated in the stool, making it easier for them to move through the gastrointestinal tract.

  9. Insensible perspiration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insensible_perspiration

    The amount of water lost in this way is deemed to be approximately 400 mL (14 U.S. fl oz) per day. [1] Some sources broaden the definition of insensible perspiration to include not only the water lost through the skin, but also the water lost through the epithelium of the respiratory tract, which is also approximately 400 mL (14 U.S. fl oz) per ...