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An ophthalmoscopic view of the retina showing advanced signs of diabetic retinopathy including two pale cotton wool spots. Cotton wool spots are opaque fluffy white patches on the retina of the eye that are considered an abnormal finding during a funduscopic exam (also called an ophthalmoscopic exam). [1] Cotton wool spots are typically a sign ...
Patients with branch retinal vein occlusion usually have a sudden onset of blurred vision or a central visual field defect. The eye examination findings of acute branch retinal vein occlusion include superficial hemorrhages, retinal edema, and often cotton-wool spots in a sector of retina drained by the affected vein.
Advanced retinopathy lesions, such as microaneurysms, blot hemorrhages and/or flame hemorrhages, ischemic changes (e.g. "cotton wool spots"), hard exudates and in severe cases swelling of the optic disc (optic disc edema), a ring of exudates around the retina called a "macular star" and visual acuity loss, typically due to macular involvement.
Common causes of scotomas include demyelinating disease such as multiple sclerosis (retrobulbar neuritis), damage to nerve fiber layer in the retina (seen as cotton wool spots [3]) due to hypertension, toxic substances such as methyl alcohol, ethambutol and quinine, nutritional deficiencies, vascular blockages either in the retina or in the optic nerve, stroke or other brain injury, and ...
The definition of the classes and Frisén scale used for optic disc edema diagnosis are listed below: Class 0 < 0.50 diopter cycloplegic refractive change; No evidence of optic-disc edema, nerve sheath distention, choroidal folds, globe flattening, scotoma or cotton-wool spots compared to baseline; Class 1 Repeat OCT and visual acuity in 6 weeks
Purtscher's retinopathy is a disease where part of the eye is damaged.Usually associated with severe head injuries, it may also occur with other types of trauma, such as long bone fractures, or with several non-traumatic systemic diseases.
The optic nerve is a cable connection that transmits images from the retina to the brain.It consists of over one million retinal ganglion cell axons.The optic nerve head, or optic disc is the anterior end of the nerve that is in the eye and hence is visible with an ophthalmoscope.
Bitot's spots: Pierre Bitôt: ophthalmology: vitamin A deficiency: spots of keratin deposition in the conjunctiva Bjerrum scotoma: Jannik Peterson Bjerrum: ophthalmology: glaucoma: comet shaped visual field defect, extending temporally from the physiological blind spot Blumberg's sign: Jacob Moritz Blumberg: surgery: peritonitis: rebound ...