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Various Zen masters throughout the history of Zen, like Guifeng Zongmi, Jinul, and Yongming Yanshou, have instead promoted the "correspondence of the teachings and Zen", which argues for the unity of Zen and the Buddhist teachings. [168] [169] In Zen, doctrinal teaching is often compared to "the finger pointing at the moon". [170]
The Long Scroll, or Bodhidharma Anthology, contains seven parts: [1] a biography of Bodhidharma, [2] the Erru Sixing (Two Entrances and Four Practices), [3-4] two letters by anonymous authors, and [5-7] three records of dialogues and sayings by various masters, the second and third of which include the teachings of the iconoclastic Master Yüan.
Subsequently, the Zen tradition produced a rich corpus of written literature which has become a part of its practice and teaching, including the Platform Sutra, [3] [8] lineage charts, collected sayings of Zen-masters, and the koan-literature.
The first attempt of establishing Zen as an independent doctrine was in 815, when the Chinese monk Yikong (義空) visited Japan as the representative of Chan's Southern-school lineage, based on the teachings of the master Mazu Daoyi (馬祖道一, 709–788 C.E.), who was the mentor of Baizhang (百丈懐海, 720–814 C.E.), the supposed ...
Monasteries and practice centers were created that tended to focus on either the Vinaya and training of monks or the teachings focused on one scripture or a small group of texts. Dhyāna ( Chan ) masters tended to practice in solitary hermitages, or to be associated with Vinaya training monasteries or the dharma teaching centers.
Avalokiteśvara Bodhisattva sitting in meditation. In Zen Buddhism two main views on the way to enlightenment are discernible, namely sudden and gradual enlightenment.. Early Chán recognized the "transcendence of the body and mind", followed by "non-defilement [of] knowledge and perception", meaning sudden insight into the true nature followed by gradual purification of intentions.
Western Zen is mainly a lay-movement, though grounded in formal lineages. Its Japanese background is in mainly lay-oriented new religious movements, especially the Sanbo Kyodan. Though a number of zen-buddhist monasteries exist in the western world, most practice takes place in Zen centers throughout the western world.
Moore, Meido (2018), The Rinzai Zen Way: A Guide to Practice, Shambhala Publications; Snelling, John (1987), The Buddhist handbook. A Complete Guide to Buddhist Teaching and Practice, London: Century Paperbacks; Stevens, John (1999), Zen Masters. A Maverick, a Master of Masters, and a Wandering Poet. Ikkyu, Hakuin, Ryokan, Kodansha International