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Operando spectroscopy is widely applicable to heterogeneous catalysis, which is largely used in industrial chemistry. An example of operando methodology to monitor heterogeneous catalysis is the dehydrogenation of propane with molybdenum catalysts commonly used in industrial petroleum. [26]
TLS – Photothermal lens spectroscopy, a type of photothermal spectroscopy; TMA – Thermomechanical analysis; TOF-MS – Time-of-flight mass spectrometry; Two-photon excitation microscopy; TXRF – Total reflection X-ray fluorescence analysis
Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is a small-angle scattering technique by which nanoscale density differences in a sample can be quantified. This means that it can determine nanoparticle size distributions, resolve the size and shape of (monodisperse) macromolecules, determine pore sizes and characteristic distances of partially ordered materials. [1]
Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure , is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy . Like other absorption spectroscopies , XAS techniques follow Beer's law .
Spectroscopy is the study of the interaction between radiation (electromagnetic radiation, or light, as well as particle radiation) and matter. Spectrometry is the measurement of these interactions; a machine which performs such measurements is a spectrometer or spectrograph.
Spectrochemistry is the application of spectroscopy in several fields of chemistry. It includes analysis of spectra in chemical terms, and use of spectra to derive the structure of chemical compounds, and also to qualitatively and quantitively analyze their presence in the sample.
In rotational-vibrational and electronic spectroscopy of diatomic molecules, Hund's coupling cases are idealized descriptions of rotational states in which specific terms in the molecular Hamiltonian and involving couplings between angular momenta are assumed to dominate over all other terms.
Photoelectron photoion coincidence spectroscopy (PEPICO) is a combination of photoionization mass spectrometry and photoelectron spectroscopy. [1] It is largely based on the photoelectric effect . Free molecules from a gas-phase sample are ionized by incident vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) radiation.