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Solar minimum is the regular period of least solar activity in the Sun's 11-year solar cycle. During solar minimum, sunspot and solar flare activity diminishes, and often does not occur for days at a time. On average, the solar cycle takes about 11 years to go from one solar minimum to the next, with duration observed varying from 9 to 14 years.
The Dalton Minimum was a period of low sunspot count, representing low solar activity, named after the English meteorologist John Dalton, lasting from about 1790 to 1830 [1] or 1796 to 1820, [2] corresponding to the period solar cycle 4 to solar cycle 7. While the Dalton Minimum is often compared with the Maunder Minimum, its sunspot number was ...
The Maunder Minimum occurred within the Little Ice Age, a long period (c. 1300 – c. 1850) of lower-than-average European temperatures. [9] The reduced solar activity may have contributed to the climatic cooling, although the cooling began before the solar minimum and its primary cause is believed to be volcanic activity. [10]
While intense activity such as sunspots and solar flares subside during solar minimum, that doesn’t mean the sun becomes dull.
Solar irradiance varies systematically over the cycle, [69] both in total irradiance and in its relative components (UV vs visible and other frequencies). The solar luminosity is an estimated 0.07 percent brighter during the mid-cycle solar maximum than the terminal solar minimum.
Solar Cycles Start (Maximum) Spotless days [10] Solar cycle 10–11 1860 – Feb 406 Solar cycle 11–12 1870 – Aug 1028 Solar cycle 12–13 1883 – Dec 736 Solar cycle 13–14 1894 – Jan 934 Solar cycle 14–15 1906 – Feb 1023 Solar cycle 15–16 1917 – Aug 534 Solar cycle 16–17 1928 – Apr 568 Solar cycle 17–18 1937 – Apr 269
The updated figure (right) shows the variations and contrasts solar cycles 14 and 24, a century apart, that are quite similar in all solar activity measures (in fact cycle 24 is slightly less active than cycle 14 on average), yet the global mean air surface temperature is more than 1 degree Celsius higher for cycle 24 than cycle 14, showing the ...
The Sun's transition region taken by Hinode's Solar Optical Telescope. Above the temperature minimum layer is a layer about 2,000 km thick, dominated by a spectrum of emission and absorption lines. [77]