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Cows are at their most fertile between 60 and 80 days after calving. Cows remaining "open" (not with calf) after this period become increasingly difficult to breed, which may be due to poor health. Failure to expel the afterbirth from a previous pregnancy, luteal cysts, or metritis, an infection of the uterus, are common causes of infertility
The etymology of the term "freemartin" is uncertain: speculations include that "free" may indicate "willing" (referring to the freemartin's willingness to work) or "exempt from reproduction" (referring to its sterility, or to a farmer's decision to not bother trying to breed a freemartin, or both), or that it may be derived from a Flemish word for a cow which gives no milk and/or has ceased to ...
Antibiotics are used in the cattle industry for therapeutic purposes in the clinical treatment of infections and prophylactically for disease prevention by controlling the growth of potentially harmful bacteria. [8] [20] Because of their effectiveness in the treatment and prevention of diseases, there is an increased efficiency of the farm ...
Cows, sheep, and other ruminants digest their food by enteric fermentation, and their burps are the main source of methane emissions from land use, land-use change, and forestry. Together with methane and nitrous oxide from manure , this makes livestock the main source of greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture.
Research shows that milk production may be negatively impacted if cows do not acquire enough protein during their dry phase. [13] If farms are unable to provide separate diets for far-off and close-up cows, producers may choose to manage their diets with a shorter dry period and a negative DCAD (dietary cation-anion difference) ration diet.
Animal non-reproductive sexual behavior encompasses sexual activities that non-human animals participate in which do not lead to the reproduction of the species. Although procreation continues to be the primary explanation for sexual behavior in animals, recent observations on animal behavior have given alternative reasons for the engagement in sexual activities by animals. [1]
Early studies are showing that inadvertent exposure in the first trimester of pregnancy was not associated with birth defects, but at the moment it is not recommended to take a GLP-1 during pregnancy.
The changes in the fat content have been shown to be temporary. The composition of the milk has been examined in more than 200 different experiments. Natural variation within milk is normal with or without rBST treatment in cows due to genetics, location, feed, age, and other environmental factors.