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Though portrayals of women smokers became more common, they were shown in a negative light because smoking was still not acceptable for women. [9] During this time, artwork that incorporated smoking was kept in rooms reserved only for men including smoking saloons, billiard rooms , and libraries. [ 6 ]
The 1929 "Torches of Freedom" public relations campaign equated smoking in public with female emancipation. Some women had been smoking decades earlier, but usually in private; this 1890s satirical cartoon from Germany illustrates the notion that smoking was considered unfeminine by some in that period.
The longer smoking pipes are used by senior Xhosa women. These long pipes are called ‘uzalipholile’ meaning ‘it arrives cooled’ which refers to the cooling effect that drawing the smoke through a long stem has. The higher the status of the woman in the community, the longer the stem of her smoking pipe.
Magdalene with the Smoking Flame (also titled in French La Madeleine à la veilleuse, and La Madeleine à la flamme filante) is a c. 1640 oil-on-canvas depiction of Mary Magdalene by French Baroque painter Georges de La Tour.
In Where There's Smoke There's Fire (1920s), Russell Patterson depicts a flapper whose cigarette holder is not only a fashion accessory, but an important element of the interplay of line in the drawing. Well-known women who used cigarette holders include Audrey Hepburn, [3] Lucille Ball, [4] Jayne Mansfield, [5] Jacqueline Kennedy, [6] Rita ...
Many of the same marketing strategies used with women were used with this target group. By 1998, the women's smoking rate had dropped to 22%. 1998 also marked the year of the Master Settlement Agreement. [20] The beginning of the 21st century saw women smoking at a rate of 22.8%, which was a slight increase compared to the previous decade. [24]
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In 1887–88, van Gogh painted two more paintings with skulls, the only other works of his (besides a drawing from the same period) to use skulls as a motif. [2] The work measures 32 by 24.5 centimetres (12.6 in × 9.6 in). It is considered a vanitas or memento mori, at a time when van Gogh himself was in poor health.